A Basic Study on Urban History of Mediaeval Town, Bastide in South-West France

在2004-2005财政年度，我访问了15个典型的巴斯克城镇。在每个城镇，我收集了旧城镇地图、地籍图和一些以前的论文和书籍。在日本，迄今为止对巴斯德镇的存在知之甚少，这就是为什么这项研究有望成为最基本的依据之一，并应尽可能收集现有的数据。根据所收集的资料的详细分析，我们可以澄清如下事实：作为中世纪欧洲政治和经济背景的结果，在各种政治权力下，如法国国王，英国国王，封建势力等，建立了大量的称为Bastide的新城镇。巴斯提德城市规划的类型学非常多，我们很难建立一个全面的分类。因此，这种分类方法将是本研究中最重要的。我试着把重点放在地形条件上，更多的是山和河，小山和山谷，然后是街道的格局，广场的布局，天主教堂的位置，城市街区的大小和每个地块的大小，城门的位置等等。在这些类型学的指示下，我们可以对巴斯德镇的物理形态进行一些全面的分类。Bastide的另一个问题是中心广场的存在。通过大量的材料，我们可以有把握地说，广场几乎是独立于宗教元素的，相反，它被明确地定位为一个贸易中心。古罗马城镇消失后，社会分工的发展和新城乡建设的进步，成为粗放的贸易体制和新的分配方式的必然要求。英国和法国之间的冲突主要集中在领土上，法国西南部和一些巴斯德城镇在13世纪被定位在这片广阔的咏咏曲上。为了扩大这一结论，应该进行进一步的调查。作为一个跳板，我们可以实现一个重要的会议，与巴斯德研究所的中心合作，该中心位于维尔弗朗什德鲁格，Less

During the fiscal year of 2004-2005, I had been visiting fifteen typical Bastide towns. In each town, I collected old town maps, cadastral maps, and a number of previous papers and books. In Japan, the existence of Bastide towns have been very little known so far, that is why the research was expected to be one of the most fundamental basis and available data should be collected as much as possible. According to the detailed analysis of materials which had been collected, we can clarify the fact as following:As the results of political and economic background of medieval Europe, a huge number of new towns called Bastide were established under the various kinds of political powers, like French King, England King, feudal powers and so on. There are so many typologies of the town plan of Bastide that we can hardly build up the comprehensive classification. In this reason, this classification methodology will be most important in this research. I try to make focus on the topographic condit … More ions like mountain and river, hill and valley, and then on the street patterns, square plaza's layout, catholic church's location, the size of urban blocks and each parcel's size, city gates' location and so on. Under these indications of typologies, we can come to some comprehensive classification of Bastide town with regard to the physical configuration.Another problem of Bastide is the existence of a central square plaza. Through a lot of materials we can safely say that the square plaza is almost independent of the religious elements, instead, it is clearly positioned as a center of trade place. After disappearing of the ancient Roman town, the development of the social division of labor, the new urban and rural construction progress turned out to become necessary of extensive trading system and the new way of distribution. The critical conflict between England and France was focused on the territory, of south west French and a number of Bastide towns were positioned on this broad aria during thirteenth century.To expand on this conclusion, further investigation should be required. As a stepping stone we could realize an important meeting for cooperation with the Center of Bastide Study Institute which is located in Ville Franche de Rouergue, Less