A Basic Study on Urban History of Mediaeval Town, Bastide in South-West France

在2004-2005财年，我走访了15个典型的巴斯蒂德小镇。在每个城镇，我收集了旧城镇地图、地籍地图和一些以前的论文和书籍。在日本，到目前为止，人们对巴斯蒂德小镇的存在知之甚少，这就是为什么预计这项研究将是最基本的基础之一，应该尽可能多地收集可用的数据。通过对收集到的资料的详细分析，我们可以澄清这样一个事实：作为中世纪欧洲政治经济背景的结果，在法国国王、英国国王、封建列强等各种政治权力的作用下，建立了大量被称为巴斯蒂德的新城镇。巴斯蒂德的城镇规划类型繁多，我们很难建立一个全面的分类。因此，这种分类方法在本研究中将是最重要的。我试着把重点放在地形条件…上更多的离子，如山和河，丘陵和山谷，然后是街道格局，广场的布局，天主教教堂的位置，城市街区的大小和每个地块的大小，城门的位置等等。根据这些类型学的指示，我们可以得出巴斯蒂德镇在物理形态上的一些综合分类。巴斯蒂德的另一个问题是中心广场的存在。通过大量的资料，我们可以有把握地说，广场几乎独立于宗教元素，而是明确定位为贸易中心。随着古罗马城镇的消失，社会分工的发展，新的城乡建设进程成为广泛的交易制度和新的分配方式的必然。英国和法国之间的关键冲突集中在13世纪法国西南部的领土上，一些巴斯蒂德城镇位于这一广阔的地区。要扩大这一结论，还需要进一步的调查。作为垫脚石，我们可以实现与巴斯蒂德研究所中心的一次重要合作会议，该中心位于比利时的维尔弗兰切德鲁尔格

During the fiscal year of 2004-2005, I had been visiting fifteen typical Bastide towns. In each town, I collected old town maps, cadastral maps, and a number of previous papers and books. In Japan, the existence of Bastide towns have been very little known so far, that is why the research was expected to be one of the most fundamental basis and available data should be collected as much as possible. According to the detailed analysis of materials which had been collected, we can clarify the fact as following:As the results of political and economic background of medieval Europe, a huge number of new towns called Bastide were established under the various kinds of political powers, like French King, England King, feudal powers and so on. There are so many typologies of the town plan of Bastide that we can hardly build up the comprehensive classification. In this reason, this classification methodology will be most important in this research. I try to make focus on the topographic condit … More ions like mountain and river, hill and valley, and then on the street patterns, square plaza's layout, catholic church's location, the size of urban blocks and each parcel's size, city gates' location and so on. Under these indications of typologies, we can come to some comprehensive classification of Bastide town with regard to the physical configuration.Another problem of Bastide is the existence of a central square plaza. Through a lot of materials we can safely say that the square plaza is almost independent of the religious elements, instead, it is clearly positioned as a center of trade place. After disappearing of the ancient Roman town, the development of the social division of labor, the new urban and rural construction progress turned out to become necessary of extensive trading system and the new way of distribution. The critical conflict between England and France was focused on the territory, of south west French and a number of Bastide towns were positioned on this broad aria during thirteenth century.To expand on this conclusion, further investigation should be required. As a stepping stone we could realize an important meeting for cooperation with the Center of Bastide Study Institute which is located in Ville Franche de Rouergue, Less