A Basic Study on Urban History of Mediaeval Town, Bastide in South-West France

在2004-2005财政年度，我访问了15个典型的巴斯蒂德城镇。在每一个城镇，我都收集了古老的城镇地图、地籍图和一些以前的论文和书籍。在日本，到目前为止，人们对巴斯蒂德城镇的存在知之甚少，这就是为什么研究被认为是最基本的基础之一，并且应该尽可能多地收集可用的数据。通过对所收集资料的详细分析，我们可以明确如下事实：作为中世纪欧洲政治经济背景的产物，大量的被称为巴斯蒂德的新城在法国国王、英国国王、封建势力等各种政治势力的统治下建立起来，巴斯蒂德的城市规划类型繁多，很难建立起全面的分类。因此，这种分类方法在本研究中将是最重要的。我试着把注意力集中在地形上 关于我们 根据巴斯蒂德的城市形态特征，从城市的形态特征出发，通过对巴斯蒂德城市形态特征的分析，如山水、丘陵、山谷等，再从城市的街道形态、广场布局、天主教堂的位置、城市街区的大小、各个地块的大小、城门的位置等方面，对巴斯蒂德城市进行了类型学上的分类，并对巴斯蒂德城市的另一个问题--中心广场的存在进行了分析。通过大量的材料，我们可以有把握地说，广场几乎是独立的宗教元素，相反，它明确定位为一个贸易中心的地方。古罗马城镇消失后，社会分工的发展，新的城乡建设的进展，使得粗放的贸易制度和新的分配方式成为必然。13世纪英法冲突的焦点集中在法国西南部的领土上，许多巴斯蒂德城镇都位于这一广阔的咏叹调上。作为垫脚石，我们可以实现与位于Ville Franche de Rouergue的Bastide研究所中心合作的重要会议，减

During the fiscal year of 2004-2005, I had been visiting fifteen typical Bastide towns. In each town, I collected old town maps, cadastral maps, and a number of previous papers and books. In Japan, the existence of Bastide towns have been very little known so far, that is why the research was expected to be one of the most fundamental basis and available data should be collected as much as possible. According to the detailed analysis of materials which had been collected, we can clarify the fact as following:As the results of political and economic background of medieval Europe, a huge number of new towns called Bastide were established under the various kinds of political powers, like French King, England King, feudal powers and so on. There are so many typologies of the town plan of Bastide that we can hardly build up the comprehensive classification. In this reason, this classification methodology will be most important in this research. I try to make focus on the topographic condit … More ions like mountain and river, hill and valley, and then on the street patterns, square plaza's layout, catholic church's location, the size of urban blocks and each parcel's size, city gates' location and so on. Under these indications of typologies, we can come to some comprehensive classification of Bastide town with regard to the physical configuration.Another problem of Bastide is the existence of a central square plaza. Through a lot of materials we can safely say that the square plaza is almost independent of the religious elements, instead, it is clearly positioned as a center of trade place. After disappearing of the ancient Roman town, the development of the social division of labor, the new urban and rural construction progress turned out to become necessary of extensive trading system and the new way of distribution. The critical conflict between England and France was focused on the territory, of south west French and a number of Bastide towns were positioned on this broad aria during thirteenth century.To expand on this conclusion, further investigation should be required. As a stepping stone we could realize an important meeting for cooperation with the Center of Bastide Study Institute which is located in Ville Franche de Rouergue, Less