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Floral scent variation in plants : pollinator attraction strategy dependent of display size

植物花香的变化：传粉者吸引策略取决于展示尺寸

基本信息

批准号：
16570009
负责人：
SAKAI Satoki
金额：
$ 2.3万
依托单位：
Tohoku University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2005
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

To examine the contribution of diurnal and nocturnal pollination to male and female reproductive success in Lilium auratum, we conducted diurnal and nocturnal pollinator exclusion experiments and also analyzed floral scent. We found that either diurnal or nocturnal pollinators result in female reproductive success in L.auratum : there was no significant difference in the seed : ovule ratios among the flowers in which only diurnal pollination was allowed, those in which only nocturnal pollination was allowed, and the control flowers. However, plants required both diurnal and nocturnal pollinators for male reproductive success : the numbers of pollen grains remaining in both diurnal- and nocturnal-treated flowers were significantly greater than those in the control flowers. The total amount of floral volatiles of L.auratum showed a time-series rhythmic pattern, namely, they were significantly higher at night than during the day and gradually decreased with flower age. At night, the total amount of floral volatiles peaked on the second day from anthesis and subsequently gradually decreased with flower age. During daytime, the total amount of floral volatiles was constantly low. The composition of floral scent of all time-series examined was mostly isoprenoids, which often served as an attractant of the nocturnal hawkmoth, and there were less fatty acid-derivatives, which often attract diurnal pollinators. The floral scent composition also showed time-series changes, but Sorensen's similarity indices indicated that nocturnal scent might maintain a more constant composition with flower age than diurnal scent. Thus, such nocturnally biased floral scent emission of L.auratum might exist to fulfill male reproductive success by attracting nocturnal pollinators, and its visual cues might serve to fulfill male reproductive success by attracting diurnal pollinators. This may suggest that floral scent of this species plays a role in male reproductive success, as do visual cues.

为了研究昼夜授粉对百合雌雄生殖成功的贡献，进行了昼夜授粉者排除实验，并分析了花香。我们发现，无论是白天或夜间授粉导致雌性生殖成功L.auratum：有没有显着差异的种子：胚珠比之间的花，其中只允许白天授粉，那些只允许夜间授粉，和对照花。然而，植物需要白天和夜间传粉者的男性生殖成功：在白天和夜间处理的花中剩余的花粉粒的数量显着大于对照花。金叶百合花挥发物总量呈时间序列节律性变化，即夜间显著高于白天，并随花龄的增加而逐渐减少。在夜间，花挥发物总量在开花后第二天达到峰值，随后随着花龄的增加而逐渐下降。在白天，花挥发物的总量一直很低。所有时间序列的花香成分主要是类异戊二烯，这往往是作为夜间天蛾的引诱剂，有较少的脂肪酸衍生物，这往往吸引白天授粉。花的气味组成也表现出时间序列的变化，但索伦森的相似性指数表明，夜间气味可能会保持一个更恒定的组成与花的年龄比白天的气味。因此，这种偏向性的花香散发可能是通过吸引夜间传粉者来实现雄性繁殖成功的，而其视觉线索可能是通过吸引白天传粉者来实现雄性繁殖成功的。这可能表明，该物种的花香在雄性生殖成功中起着重要作用，视觉线索也是如此。