Molecular epidemiological study of factor to fluctuate the level of contamination of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in water of fishing port and coastal waters

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Bdellovibrio-and-like organisms (BALO) lytic to an estuarine organism, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, range in coastal waters so that V.parahaemolyticus flow out to the sea is suspected to be killed by BALO. Thus the ecology of BALO was analyzed at Sada and Murotsu Ports and related estuaries. BALO and V.parahaemolyticus grown in Murotsu Estuary flew out to the sea and flew into Murotsu Port at the rainfall, though the levels of the organisms at the estuary recovered within 10 days. Halophilic and micro-halophilic BALos were detected at Sada Estuary. Level of V.parahaemolyticus was correlated to that of BALO at estuaries but not at coastal waters.V.parahaemolyticus grown in estuarine sediments was suspected to flow out to coastal waters with water swollen by the rainfall at the upper streams, contaminate fishes and shellfishes and cause food poisonings. V.parahaemolyticus was detected from horse mackerels landed at Niigata Port at a level of 23〜240/g two weeks after the heavy rain on July 2004 at Niigata Prefecture, whose levels decreased afterwards. Outbreaks of V.parahaemolyticus-gastroenteritis happened after the consumption of oyster 7〜14 days after the rise of water level at Arakawa Estuary. From these evidences, V.parahaemolyticus grown at estuaries was demonstrated to flow into the sea and contaminate fishes and shellfishes there.