Morphofunctional analysis of the membrane skeletal protein 4.1B

红细胞在膜下动态改变膜骨架，以抵抗血管内的剪切应力，在全身范围内运输氧气。其中一个膜骨架蛋白，4.1家族成员，与谱蛋白-肌动蛋白网络相互作用，也与膜内蛋白相互作用。蛋白4.1B最初被发现定位于髓鞘神经纤维的偏执角和近偏执角。利用针对4.1B的特异性抗体，我们发现4.1B也定位在无髓神经纤维轴突的细胞膜上。除了神经系统外，4.1 b和另一个4.1家族成员4.1 g广泛免疫定位于肾脏、肠道、胰腺、睾丸和胸腺。我们最近对蛋白4.1家族蛋白的免疫组织化学研究表明，它们在啮齿动物各种器官的细胞-细胞和/或细胞-基质粘附中具有重要意义。另一方面，利用体内冷冻技术对组织和器官的动态状态进行了分析。因此，在本研究中，我们已经证明了含有4.1家族的膜骨架是细胞膜下的一般结构，我们的研究可能会为哪些组织和/或器官使用该系统分析分子复合物提供线索。

Erythrocytes dynamically change their membrane skeletons under their membranes to resist shear stresses during flowing in vessels, to transport oxygen in whole body. One of the membrane skeletal proteins, 4.1 family members, interacts with spectrin-actin networks and also to the intramembranous proteins. The protein 4.1B was originally found to be localized in paranodes and juxtaparanodes of myelinated nerve fibers. By using specific antibody against 4.1B, we found that 4.1B localized also along cell membranes of unmyelinated nerve fiber axons. In addition to the nervous system, 4.1B and another 4.1 family member, 4.1G, are broadly immunolocalized in the kidney, intestine, pancreas, testis and the thymus. Our recent immunohistochemical studies on protein 4.1 family proteins have indicated their significance for the cell-cell and/or cell-matrix adhesion in various rodent organs. On the other hand, analyses for dynamic states of tissues and organs were performed with in vivo cryotechnique. Thus, in this study, we have proven that the 4.1 family-containing membrane skeletons are a general structure under the cell membranes, and our studies probably give clues what tissues and/or organs use this system for analyzing molecular complexes.