Study of effects of antiglaucoma eye drops on glaucomatous optic neuropathy and ocular serface.

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Purpose : To study the effects of antiglaucoma eye drops on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced retinal damage and ocular surfaceMethods : Several antiglaucoma eye drops, β-blockers, α/β-blockers, an α_1-blocker, and α_2-agonist, and a prostaglandin derivative, were topically administrated to NMDA-treated rat eyes or non-treated rat eye, and the retinal thickness, the number of retrograde-labeled retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), the results of a cDNA microarray analysis, and the levels of matrix metalloprotease (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of matrix protease (TIMP) which regulate the metabolism of the extracellular matrix (ECM) were studied.Results : Intravitreal administration of NMDA caused a significant decrease in the thickness of the retinal layers and induced upregulation of glial fibrillary protein (GFAP). Topical administration of β-blockers and a prostaglandin derivative showed almost no significant effects on retinal thickness, the number of RGCs, or expression of GFAP. In contrast, the α/β-blockers, the α_1-blocker, and the α_2-agonist showed preservation effects on retinal thickness and the the number of RGCs, and marked suppression of NMDA-induced upregulation of GFAP. Among 1101 genes related to cellular regulatory mechanisms, the expression of two genes, both for insulin-like growth factors, IGF-1 and ErbB3,was altered upon administration of the α/β-blockers, the α_1-blocker, and the α_2-agonist. In addition, topical administration of the α/β-blockers, the α_1-blocker, and the prostaglandin derivative induced upregulation of MMP and downregulation of TIMP of conjunctiva.Conclusion : Our present study suggests that modulations of the α-adrenergic receptor, α_1-blocking, and α_2-stimulation, by antiglaucoma eye drops may cause beneficial effects on NMDA-induced retinal damage in the rat. Our results also suggests that the α/β-blockers, the α_1-blocker, and the prostaglandin derivative induce degradation of ECM, affcting filter surgery.