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Comparative Examination of Law on Standards of Conduct for Directors and Officers of Nonprofit Entities in Japan and the United States

日本和美国非营利实体董事和高级管理人员行为标准法的比较审查

基本信息

批准号：
16600001
负责人：
KINAMI Atsushi
金额：
$ 2.05万
依托单位：
Kyoto University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
财政年份：
2004
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2004 至 2006
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

Proper organizational principles and good standards of conducts for directors and officers of not-for-profit organizations and trustees in charitable trust law for their administration are essential to assure that the purposes of those organizations and trusts are effectively served. This research investigated what those principles and standards of conducts are through comparative examination of law in Japan and in the United States that governs conducts of directors and officers of not-for-profit organizations and trustees.Last year in Japan a set of laws was enacted that provides for the legal regime for nonprofit corporations and the criteria to meet for nonprofit corporations and purpose trusts to obtain charitable status. This research investigated on the organizational principles for nonprofit corporations and on duties and responsibilities of officers of those corporation comparing nonprofit and business corporation laws to bring similarities and differences in organizational principles between business and nonprofit corporations to relief.Duties of directors and officers of nonprofit corporations and trustees of charitable trust are described as fiduciary duty and they are bound by rules imposed by discreet positive laws so that their administration of corporations and trust generate benefits as intended by their respective organic instruments. In this connection this research focus on the duty of loyalty for trustees as prototype, and investigated on the criteria to find a breach of loyalty duty under "no further" inquiry rule with a view toward effective enforcement of that duty.

为非营利组织的董事和官员以及慈善信托法中的受托人制定适当的组织原则和良好的行为标准，以确保这些组织和信托的目的得到有效实现。本研究通过对日美两国关于非营利组织的董事、负责人和受托人的行为的法律进行比较，对这些行为的原则和标准进行了研究。日本去年制定了一系列法律，规定了非营利法人的法律的制度，以及非营利法人和目的信托获得慈善资格的标准。本研究通过对非营利组织的组织原则和非营利组织的管理人员的义务和责任的研究，比较非营利组织法和商业公司法，揭示商业公司和非营利组织在组织原则上的异同，并将非营利组织的董事和管理人员以及慈善信托的受托人的义务描述为受托义务，他们受到强制性规则的约束通过谨慎的实在法，使它们对公司和信托的管理产生各自组织文书所希望的利益。因此，本研究以受托人之忠实义务为原型，探讨“不再询问”规则下违反忠实义务之认定标准，以期有效执行受托人之忠实义务。