Comparative research of international NGO as strategic bridging in no fluorocarbon refrigerator development

为了明确NPO作为战略桥梁的作用，本文首先在访谈调查的基础上对NPO与商业企业合作的案例进行了分析。包括绿色冻结运动在内的所有案例中，商业和非营利组织都类似于战略合作，旨在创造更广泛的社会价值，同时展示原创能力和技能，尽管它们是长期不同的存在。此外，在NPO与商业企业的战略合作过程中，相互学习和信任的范围和水平也在不断演变。在发展战略伙伴关系的过程中，要保持紧张关系和相互信任的平衡。我们的案例研究表明，绿色冻结运动说明了一个国际非营利组织如何通过推动一个行业采用更环保的技术来促进创造性破坏。特别是环保非政府组织可以作为与其他利益相关者（如消费者、科学界和外国政府）的战略桥梁或联系

To clarify NPO as a strategic bridging, first of all, the case with the collaboration of NPO and business enterprises was analyzed based on interview investigation. In all case including the greenfreeze campaign both business and NPO resembles it in the point named strategic cooperation aiming at the creation of a wider social value while demonstrating an original ability and skills though it is different existence for the long term. In addition, the range and the level of mutual learning and mutual trust are evolved in the strategic cooperation process of NPO and business enterprises. And it is necessary to keep the balance of the tense relationships and mutual trust at the process of strategic partnership.Our case study suggests that the greenfreeze campaign illustrates how an international NPO can facilitate creative destruction by moving an industry to more environmentally benign technologies. Especially environmental NGOs can act as strategic bridges or linkages to other stakeholders, such as consumers, scientific community, and foreign governments