A Cross-National Perspectives on Organization and Management of R&D Consortium

摘要本研究的主要目的，是透过跨国视角，检视竞争对手研发联盟在研发上的跨组织合作。在过去的几十年里，美国、日本和韩国的国家政府都参与了竞争对手之间的研发组织间安排，但日本和韩国政府采取了比美国政府更多的干预措施。联盟管理者面临三个关键问题：组织间合作管理、成员企业招募与保留管理、冲突管理、协调与解决成员企业不同利益、技术转移管理、信息交换与创造管理。我试图检验这些组织间管理，并关注三个国家之间的差异，并通过1996年和1997年对日本、美国和韩国研发联盟的调查进行实证分析。我使用了根据1961年日本法律注册的工程研究协会（ERA），根据1984年美国国家合作研究法案注册的研发合资企业，以及根据1977年韩国技术发展促进法注册的产业研究协会（IRA）的所有数据。

The main purpose of this study is to examine interorganizational cooperation in research and development between competitor, R&D Consortium, by bringing a cross- national perspective. National government in US, Japan, and Korea have become involved in interorganizational arrangement for R&D between competitors over the past few decades, but the Japanese and Korean government has taken a more interventionist approach than US government.Consodia managers face three critical issues in managing interorganizational cooperation, membership management recruiting and retaining members firms, , conflict management coordinating and resolving different interests of member firms, and technology transfer management exchanging and creating information.I try to examine each of these interorganizational management and focus on differences among three countries and test them with a empirical analysis from the survey of R&D consortia in Japan and US and Korea conduced in 1996 and 1997.I use the all of data of Engineering Research Association (ERA) registered under a 1961 law in Japan, R&D joint venture registered under the 1984 National Cooperative Research Act in US, and Industrial Research Association (IRA) registered under a Technology Development Promotion Act of 1977 in Korea.