Studies in the Real in Cultural and Visual Representation

本研究的目的是在日本、英美、法国和俄罗斯（苏联）发展的符号学方法的基础上，不仅在视觉明显占主导地位的艺术流派中，而且在邻近的领域中，阐明真实的意义和功能。该研究小组的成员由山形大学文学与社会科学学院的教职员工组成，他们目前正在研究和教授艺术，文化表现和视觉艺术。为了实现我们的目标，这个联合研究项目的每个成员都从事自己的研究，并就他们的研究结果交换信息。ABE Koji从理论上分析了纪录片电影中的“不可再现”问题和“真实”的概念。中村三春研究了虚构电影中“真实”的再现问题。OKOCHI Sho讨论了十八世纪英国风景如画美学中的“真实”问题。清冢国彦研究了“真实”，重点是沃尔顿的哲学分析。ABE Shigeki处理了新古典主义绘画中“真实”的呈现，比如大卫的“马拉被暗杀”。最后，NAKAMURA Tadashi运用前沿理论探讨了漫画中的“真实”问题。这项联合研究（综合了基于不同学科的“真实”的各种方法）最富有成效的成果是在文化表现领域开辟了跨学科研究的可能性。通过参考纯理论问题和艺术史的历史文献，我们成功地提炼了我们的研究方法。然而，通过这项研究，另一个问题出现了——柏拉图式的“实在”概念（假定它的存在超越可表征）与实用主义的“实在”方法（将意识形态或可见的戏剧性问题化）之间的不相容问题。这个问题将在我们下次的联合研究中进行。

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the significance and function of the Real not only in the genres of art in which the visual conspicuously dominates but in adjacent fields, on the basis of the semiotic method developed in Japan, Anglo-America, France and Russia (Soviet Union). The members of this study group consist of the teaching staff of the Faculty of Literature & Social Sciences at Yamagata University, who currently study and teach arts, cultural representation and visual arts. To realize our objective, each member of this joint-research project pursues their own subject, exchanging information about the result of their studies.ABE Koji analyzed theoretically the problem of the "unrepresentable" and the notion of the "Real" in documentary cinema. NAKAMURA Miharu studied the problem of the representation of the "Real" in fictional cinema. OKOCHI Sho discussed the problem of the "Real" in picturesque aesthetics in eighteenth-century Britain. KIYOZUKA Kunihiko studied the "Real", focusing on Walton's philosophical analysis. ABE Shigeki dealt with the presentation of the "Real" in neo-classical pictures, such as David's "Marat Assassinated". Finally, NAKAMURA Tadashi discussed the question of the "Real" in comics employing cutting edge theory.The most fruitful outcome of this joint study (which synthesized various approaches to the "Rea1" based on different disciplines) is having opened up the possibility of interdisciplinary study in the field of cultural representation. By referring both to purely theoretical issues and to historical documents of art history, we succeeded in refining method for our approach. Through this study, however, another problem emerged-the problem of the incompatibility between the Platonic notion of the "Real" which posits its existence beyond the representable and the pragmatic approach to the "Real" which problematizes the ideology or the theatricality of the visible. This problem will be pursued in our next joint study.