Optimal selection of controls in nested case-control studies

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Epidemiologic studies are important to discover a cause of disease for Homo sapiens. The cohort study is typical method but there is demerit that it needs high cost when the disease is rare because it needs long time follow-up and large cohort.We consider the nested case-control study design in this study. We found that the random sampling was not good method when the exposure rate was low with respect to the asymptotic efficiency and that the counter-matching design is better than it. We also developed the new method, so call pairwise method, and examined the characteristics of the method. As the results we showed that the pairwise method is better than ordinary counter-matching design when we use several controls per case. We reported the result in an annual meeting of Mathematical Society of Japan.Unfortunately the counter matching design is used except for a few studies. So we survey the counter matching method and submit it an academic journal and revised it about comment of reviewers. In this study we realized that we need to study to calculate the power of the testing procedure and define the sample size. About the point, we want to examine the methods that used theoretical derivation and simulation methods as a future problem.