Interactions between biological invasion and scale-dependent environments in the early stages of succession

生物入侵是指外来物种通过人类活动在自然生态系统中的定居。特别是，BC是显着的，在演替的早期阶段，受干扰的社区。这些机制与从微地形到景观的各种空间尺度有关。本研究比较了BC不明显的乌苏山和BC明显的科马山之间的植物群落，以阐明不同环境尺度下本地和非本地物种之间的显着差异。已发表的论文摘要如下：1）在1996年爆发后的科马山以及乌苏山，植物繁殖比有性繁殖对重新植被的贡献更大。此外，微地形对群落发育也有重要的决定作用。2)菌根定殖在沿着海拔梯度上存在差异。我证实了一些尚未报道的维管植物物种被菌根接种。菌根对落叶松生长的贡献较小。3)种子库中的存活和萌发特性的时间变化与所经历的环境（如温度波动）有很大关系。4)在此基础上，采用自顶向下和自底向上的方法分析了不同尺度间的相互作用。气象条件由这笔赠款在科马山购买的气象站测量。综合这些结果，完成了在一定环境梯度下，地表水分和微地形。

Biological invasion (BC) means that non-native species establishes in natural ecosystems via human impacts. In particular, BC is remarkable on severely-disturbed communities in the early stages of succession. The mechanisms are related to various spatial scales from microtopography to landscape. This study compares plant communities between Mount Usu where BC is not conspicuous and Mount Koma where BC is conspicuous, to clarify the significant differences between native and non-native species with different environmental scales. The abstracts of published papers are as follows : 1) On Mount Koma after the 1996 eruptions as well as Mount Usu, vegetative reproduction contributes revegetation more than sexual reproduction. In addition, microtopography is important to determine the community development. 2) Mycorrhizal colonization differs along elevational gradient. I confirmed that a few vascular plant species that have not been reported were inoculated by mycorrhiza. The contribution of mycorrhiza on the growth of larch was low. 3) Temporal changes in the characteristics of survival and germination on seedbank are greatly related to the experienced environments, such as temperature fluctuations. 4) BC species have higher survival rates than native species by higher morphological plasticity adapted to various disturbances and stresses, such as strong wind, drought and low nutrients.Based on those results, top-down and bottom-up analyses have been conducted on the interactions between different scales. Weather conditions have been measured by weather stations purchased by this grant on Mount Koma. By the combinations of those results, I completed that the quantification of the interactions on various life history stages (seed dispersal, germination, establishment and growth) under certain environmental gradients, e.g., ground surface moisture and microtopography.