Fundamental research on reintroduction of an endangered forest plant to the natural forest by the aid of fungi

真菌辅助濒危森林植物回归天然林的基础研究

• 批准号: 17580128
• 负责人: UMATA Hidetaka
• 金额: $ 1.28万
• 依托单位: Kagoshima University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2005 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-17580128/
• 关键词: achlorop hyllous orchids; deforestation; Erythrorchis ochobiensis; endangered plants; fungi; Galeola altissima; myco-parasitic plant; re-introduction; 共生; 菌根; 菌類; 野外増殖; 野外埋設

Global deforestation or decline of forests is causing serious damage to forest plants. For example, a considerable number of plant species became extinct or are in the endangered situation. The aim of this investigation is to get fundamental information for conservation of such endangered species. In this study, Erythrorchis ochobiensis (=Galeola altissima, G. ochobiensis) of Orchidaceae was studied as a case for conservation. This orchid is achlorophyllous and is categorized in the critically endangered species in Japan. This orchid associates with wood-rotting basidiomycetes that colonize within the orchid's roots. Because this orchid lost photosynthet c ability, it depends for carbons on mycobionts throughout its life and needs mycobionts for its seed germination, suggesting that the mycobionts must become a useful tool for conservation.Conservation attempt of E. ochobiensis was performed by transplantation. Firstly, the mycobiont of this orchid was isolated from the orchid's root. … More Secondary, the mycobiont and the seeds of this orchid were co-cultured in vitro for preparation of protocorms or juvenile orchids. Lastly, these orchids were buried into the soil. The obtained results propose the following items.(1) Orchids grow only when they were set in soil with the medium on which the mycobiont was growing, indicating that the mycobiont was essential to re-introduction. Success in re-introduction will be obtained surely by that the container where the orchids are growing with mycobionts on a medium is set in soil. (2) Orchids developing roots and stems well are recommendable for re-introduction. (3) Transplanted orchids developed roots and reached logs then associated with the fungi inhabiting logs if those fungi were symbiotic. Field survey of the symbiotic fungi is required before re-introduction. (4) Mycobiont growth is essential for orchid growth. Recommendable seasons for growth and re-introduction are June, August and September, higher temperate and plenty in rainfall seasons. Less

全球森林砍伐或森林减少正在对森林植物造成严重损害。例如，相当数量的植物物种已经灭绝或处于濒危状态。本次调查的目的是为这些濒危物种的保护提供基础资料。本研究中，刺桐属（Erythratia）植物是Chobiensis（=Galeola altissima，G. chobiensis）作为保护案例进行了研究。这种兰花是无叶绿素的，在日本被列为极度濒危物种。这种兰花与生长在兰花根部的腐木担子菌有关。由于该兰花丧失了光合作用能力，其整个生命周期都依赖真菌提供碳源，种子萌发也需要真菌，因此真菌必须成为一种有效的保护工具。通过移植进行了ochobiensis。首先，从兰花根部分离到真菌。 ...更多信息 其次，将真菌与兰花种子进行共培养，以获得兰花的原球茎或幼嫩植株。最后，这些兰花被埋在土里。所获得的结果提出了以下项目。(1)兰花生长只有当他们被设置在土壤中的培养基上的mycobiont生长，表明mycobiont是必不可少的重新引入。重新引进的成功肯定会通过将兰花与培养基上的真菌一起生长的容器置于土壤中来获得。(2)根和茎发育良好的兰花可以重新引入。(3)移植的兰花发展根，并达到日志，然后与真菌栖息的日志，如果这些真菌是共生的。在重新引入之前，需要对共生真菌进行实地调查。(4)真菌的生长是兰花生长所必需的。生长和再引进的推荐季节是6月，8月和9月，温度较高，雨量充沛。少