PCR-DGGE analysis of silage microorganisms and its application to food quality control

在日本，高水分的副产品与干饲料一起作为全混合日粮青贮饲料储存已成为一种常见的做法。这可以最小化流出物产生的风险，并且可以省略进料之前的混合时间。如果通过在筒仓中发酵改变了它们的气味和风味，那么不好吃的副产品可以被掺入TMR青贮饲料中。TMR青贮饲料的一个令人感兴趣的特性是在暴露于空气时的高稳定性。即使在夏天也不会加热，而非青贮TMR混合物可能会迅速变质。常规标准不能很好地解释稳定性，因为TMR青贮饲料可以保持不加热，即使有大量的酵母和大量的底物（糖和乳酸）用于需氧微生物的生长。我们采用聚合酶链反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）技术，对小麦抗劣变的相关因素进行了研究，得到了一些有趣的结果，如： 关于我们 llows.1.当湿啤酒糟和豆腐渣单独储存或与其他饲料作为TMR青贮饲料组合时，仅在TMR青贮饲料中没有发生变质。不经厌氧发酵，TMR混合物也很容易腐败.布氏乳杆菌（Lactobacillusbuchneri）是一种能够提高有氧稳定性的异型发酵乳酸菌，在青贮料中未发现，但在含湿啤酒糟的TMR青贮料中从青贮早期就出现了。尽管含豆腐渣的TMR青贮饲料的有氧稳定性同样高，但L。无论青贮期如何，均未检测到Buchneri.在稳定的TMR青贮饲料中均发现了魏氏杆菌和短乳杆菌。不稳定副产物青贮单独贮存不含这两种乳酸菌.我们可以分离出那些L布赫内里湖因此，现在正计划进行接种实验，以确定这些细菌混合物是否真的可以提高青贮饲料的有氧稳定性。少

It has become a common practice in Japan that high-moisture by-products are stored with dry feeds as an total mixed ration silage. This may minimize the risk of effluent production and can omit the time for mixing prior to feeding. Unpalatable by-products could be incorporated into a TMR silage, if their odors and flavors are altered through the fermentation in a silo. An interesting property of the TMR silage is high stability on exposure to air. Heating would not occur even in summer, whereas non-ensiled TMR mixture may deteriorate quite rapidly. Conventional criteria do not account well for the stability, because the TMR silage can remain unheated even with a large number of yeasts and a substantial level of substrates (sugars and lactic acid) for the growth of aerobic microorganisms. We have investigated the factors involved in resistance to deterioration by polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE), and some interesting results are obtained as fo … More llows.1. When wet brewers grains and soybean-curd refuse were stored alone or in combination with other feeds as a TMR silage, deterioration did not occur only in TMR silages. Without anaerobic fermentation, TMR mixture also spoiled quite easily.2. Lactobacillus buchneri, a hetero-fermentative lactic acid bacteria which is capable of enhancing aerobic stability, was not found in the silage material, but appeared from the early ensiling period in TMR silage containing wet brewers grains. Although aerobic stability was similarly high in TMR silage containing soybean-curd refuse, L. buchneri was not detected regardless of ensiling period.3. Weisella sp. and Lactobacillus brevis was found in both the stable TMR silages. Unstable by-products silage stored alone did not contain these two lactic acid bacteria.4. We could isolate those L. buchneri, L. brevis and Weisella confusa from the following experiment, hence now are planning to inoculation experiment to determine if these bacterial mixture can actually improve the aerobic stability of silage. Less