Nerve regeneration promoted in a tube with vascularity containing bone-marrow-derived cells

骨髓源性细胞（BMCs）是一种多能细胞，具有分化为骨、软骨、脂肪、肌肉或神经元谱系（如神经元和胶质细胞）的潜力。在Lewis大鼠坐骨神经中建立了含有逆蒂腓肠血管的硅胶管模型。从协同作用大鼠股骨骨髓中取出体外培养的约1 × 10^7个bmc，移植到硅胶管的15 mm长腔内。术后12周和24周，接受bmc的血管管的神经再生明显高于未接受细胞的血管管。将成纤维细胞移植到含血管管中，而不是将骨髓基质细胞移植到含血管管中，导致轴突再生减少，其效果不如不接受细胞的含血管管中的再生。聚合酶链反应（Polymerase chain reaction， PCR）研究显示，在含有移植骨髓基质的血管管中，再生神经中约29%的细胞来源于骨髓基质。通过原位杂交和PKH26预标记鉴定为BMC来源的细胞，S100和GFAP染色阳性。移植的骨髓干细胞在神经化学因素的影响下分化为与雪旺细胞表型相似的细胞，并通过从预先插入管中的血管中获取营养而存活。因此，它们的功能与雪旺细胞相似，促进神经再生。

Bone-marrow-derived cells (BMCs) are multipotent cells that have the potential to differentiate into bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, or neuronal lineages such as neurons and glial cells. A silicone-tube model containing reverse-pedicled sural vessels was created in the sciatic nerves of Lewis rats. About 1 x 10^7 BMCs, removed from the bone marrow of synergetic rat femurs and cultured in vitro, were transplanted into the 15 mm long chambers of the silicone tubes. Nerve regeneration in vessel-containing tubes that had received BMCs was significantly greater at 12 and 24 weeks after surgery than that in tubes that did not receive cells. Transplantation of fibroblasts instead of BMCs into the vessel-containing tube resulted in reduced axonal regeneration, which was inferior to regeneration in the vessel-containing tube that did not receive cells. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) studies revealed that in vessel-containing tubes containing transplanted BMCs, about 29% of cells in the regenerated nerve originated from BMCs. Cells identified by in situ hybridization and PKH26 prelabeling as being of BMC origin stained positively for S100 and GFAP. Transplanted BMCs differentiated into cells with phenotypes similar to those of Schwann cells under the influence of neurochemical factors and survived by obtaining nutrients from vessels that had been preinserted into the tube. They thus functioned similarly to Schwann cells, promoting nerve regeneration.