Medieval Miraculous Images in the Baroque period in the Archdiocese of Cologne (in its late 18th century boundaries)

该项目研究了中世纪的雕塑和绘画，这些雕塑和绘画在现代早期在科隆大主教管区被视为神奇的形象，或者在那个时代的神圣景观中被赋予了特殊的作用。将分析这些图像的重构、背景和各种支持这些图像崇拜的角色，以及它们在经济和政治停滞时期构建区域身份的作用。直到现在，莱茵河地区中世纪雕像的巴洛克式场景还没有被研究过。然而，它的重要性远远超出了大主教管区的界限，它可以帮助人们了解古代物品是如何被处理的，因为中世纪的视觉存在在近代早期的科隆大主教管区比几乎任何其他西欧地区都要强烈。中世纪的雕像在大都会的主要教堂（大教堂，耶稣会教堂，圣厄休拉教堂）与文物相结合，通常具有相当的地位。此外，早在中世纪晚期，重塑雕像在莱茵河地区就已经是一个众所周知的现象。此外，在1500年左右，科隆确立了自己作为当地朝圣网络中心的地位——这一点直到现在都没有在研究中被注意到。与此相关的还有天主教改革时期无数小型的中世纪雕像朝圣活动。这是由科隆的维特尔斯巴赫选帝侯以及他们的亲戚，普法尔茨-纽堡公爵推动的，导致波恩，布尔<e:2>和德<e:1>塞尔多夫的皇家居住地被翻新为典范的神圣景观。修道院和大学教堂，无论是新的还是古老的，都积极参与到古代雕像的演出中来。平信徒聚集在兄弟会中，特别是在科隆，负责组织对这些图像的朝圣。这些代理人的合作，他们的动机和对旧物体的看法将被检查，就像什么动态可以从个人与神奇图像的联系中发展出来的问题一样。这些规模较小的朝拜活动比前往由教会机构控制的圣墓的大型朝拜活动要好，这是首次对科隆进行的研究，是为一个复杂社会建立身份的理想途径。这些神奇的图像通常很少受到关注，因为它们长期以来被后来的多色应用认为是“毁容”的，因此它们更加站在这个项目的中心。因此，对这些作品及其早期现代修改的技术检查将受到特别关注。最重要的是，科隆早期现代大主教管区的神圣景观将被重建，这一景观在19世纪和20世纪的巨大变化中变形，但却以伟大过去的物质存在为标志。

This project examines medieval sculptures and paintings that were venerated in the early modern period in the archdiocese of Cologne as miraculous images or conferred a special role within the sacral landscape of that age. The reframing, the context and the various actors supporting the veneration of these images will be analysed, as well as their role in the construction of a regional identity during a period of economic and political stagnation. Until now, the Baroque mise-en-scène of medieval statues in the Rhine region has not been studied. It’s significance, however, extends far beyond the boundaries of the archdiocese for understanding how older objects were engaged with, as the visual presence of the Middle Ages was stronger in the archdiocese of Cologne in the early modern period than in almost any other Western European region. Medieval statues were presented in the key churches of the metropolis (Cathedral, Jesuit Church, Saint Ursula) in combination with relics, often with a comparable status. The reframing of statues, moreover, had been a well-known phenomenon in the Rhine region since as early as the late medieval era. Around 1500, moreover, Cologne established itself as the hub of a network of local pilgrimages to images – something hardly noticed in the research up to now. Linked to this are the numerous smaller pilgrimages to medieval statues during the Catholic Reformation. This was promoted by the Wittelsbach electors of Cologne as well as by their relatives, the Dukes of Palatinate-Neuburg, resulting in the royal residence cities of Bonn, Brühl and Düsseldorf being refurbished into model sacral landscapes. Monasteries and collegiate churches, older as well as newer ones, participated intensively in the staging of older statues. Lay persons gathered together in brotherhoods, particularly in Cologne, took charge of the organisation of the pilgrimages to such images. The collaboration of these agents, their motivation and perspectives on the older objects will be examined, just like the question of what dynamics could evolve out of a personal connection with the miraculous images. Better than the major pilgrimages to the holy tombs controlled by ecclesiastical institutions, these smaller pilgrimages to venerated images – studied for the first time in regards to Cologne – were ideal for establishing an identity for a complex society. These miraculous images have often received scant attention, as they have long been considered “disfigured” by later applications of polychromy, and thus stand all the more at the centre of this project. For this reason, the technological examination of these works and their early modern modifications will receive particular attention. Above all, the sacral landscape of the early modern archdiocese of Cologne will be reconstructed, a landscape disformed by massive changes during the 19th and 20th centuries, yet marked by the material presence of a great past.