Restoring peatlands of the nemoral zone under conditions of varying water supply and quality

泥炭地在水和元素循环中的调节功能，其碳汇功能及其在生物多样性保护中的作用日益成为科学和公众辩论的焦点。特别是在持续的气候变化过程中，恢复沼泽越来越多地暴露在极端气候条件下，如干旱，对植物和土壤群落产生长期影响，并随后影响碳循环。因此，气候变化增加了沼泽恢复的现有困难和限制。这些问题也与泥炭地退化或恢复成功的潜在指标知识不足有关，如气体通量的动态和预算，生物多样性水平或水预算。此外，泥炭退化改变了持水能力，降低了缓冲水供应变化的潜力，进一步限制了复湿和restoration.From palaeoecological数据，泥炭生长的水分条件（碳积累），潜在的恢复能力发生在过去的环境变化，潜在的植被，和碳积累率可以推断为基础，以确定恢复目标和权衡。持续的气候变化和更频繁的热浪和干旱对沼泽植被的恢复造成了严重的威胁，特别是依赖于来自降雨的营养贫乏的水的充足输入。该项目以前所未有的方式结合了泥炭地相关学科的关键方法：在子项目中，我们处理i）古生态重建和退化/恢复力的参考条件和指标，ii）当前水文，生物多样性和微生物群落的水平，iii）基于室和涡度协方差技术并建立在现有长期数据基础上的核心站点的二氧化碳（CO2）和甲烷（CH 4）预算，iv）最新的遥感监测方法，包括由新的机器学习方法支持的从地块到景观尺度的升级，v）生物多样性，C预算，如果只能部分达到目标水平，则二氧化碳和甲烷的交换及其恢复能力，以及六）通过与农民、泥炭工业、自然保护主义者、水管理者和行政机构的密切合作进行宣传和知识转让。沼泽恢复途径的基础上，最先进的评估古生态和地球化学信息从泥炭样本，把这些数据到景观生态背景下，并为今后评估和监测退化和恢复的泥炭沼泽提供强大的遥感工具。明确的重点，紧密耦合的工作包和数据的应用通常不考虑在恢复生态学，使该项目非常创新，并可能产生的结果，可以验证沼泽恢复在不断变化的气候和水文的适用性。

The regulatory functions of peatlands in water and element cycles, their carbon sink function, and their role in biodiversity conservation have increasingly become the focus of scientific and public debate. Particularly in the course of ongoing climate change, restoring bogs are increasingly exposed to climate extremes, such as drought, with long-lasting effects on both plant and soil communities and, subsequently, on carbon cycling. Thus, climate change adds to existing difficulties and limitations in bog restoration. These problems are also related to poor knowledge of potential indicators of peatland degradation or restoration success, such as on the dynamics and budgets of gas fluxes, levels of biodiversity, or water budgets. Moreover, peat degradation alters the water holding capacities and reduces the potential to buffer variations in water availability, further constraining rewetting and restoration.From palaeoecological data, moisture conditions for peat growth (carbon accumulation), potential resilience to environmental changes as occurred in the past, potential vegetation, and carbon accumulation rates can be inferred as a basis to set restoration targets and trade-offs. Ongoing climate change and more frequent occurrence of heatwaves and droughts posea severe threat particularly to efforts of restoration of bog vegetation, relying on sufficient input of nutrient-poor water from rainfall.The project combines key methods from peatland-related disciplines in an unprecedented way: In subprojects we address i) palaeoecological reconstruction and reference conditions and indicators of degradation/resilience, ii) current hydrology, levels of biodiversity, and microbial communities, iii) carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) budgets of core sites based on chambers and eddy covariance techniques and building on available long-term data, iv) latest remote sensing monitoring approaches including upscalingfrom the plot to the landscape scale, supported by novel machine learning approaches, v) trade-offs in biodiversity, C-budgets, CO2 and CH4 exchange, and resilience thereof, if targeted levels can only partly be met, and vi) outreach and knowledge transfer in by close collaboration with farmers, peat industry, nature conservationists, water managers, and administrative bodies.The project examines and evaluates, for the first time, bog restoration pathways based on a state of the art evaluation of paleoecological and biogeochemical information from peat samples, putting this data into a landscape ecology context, and delivering powerful remote sensing tools for future assessment and monitoring of degraded and restored peat bogs. The clear focus, the tight coupling of work packages and the application of data commonly not considered in restoration ecology make the project very innovative and likely to yield results that can verify the applicability of bog restoration in a changing climate and hydrology.