Trees Trigger Trouble - Landsliding by Biomass Surcharge and Wind Disturbance in Patagonian Rainforests (RETROGRESS)

树木引发麻烦 - 巴塔哥尼亚雨林生物质附加和风扰造成山体滑坡 (RETROGRESS)

• 批准号: 493703771
• 负责人: Dr. Christian Mohr
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Geowissenschaften
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/493703771?language=en
• 关键词: Trees; Trigger; Trouble; Landsliding; Biomass

Coastal temperate rainforests are global players in Earth’s carbon cycle. They experience disturbances at different magnitudes and frequencies. In Patagonian rainforests, disturbances comprise volcanic eruptions, rain-, and windstorms; These disturbances result into shallow landslides, thus unleashing massive pulses of C. Coastal Rainforests are subject to shifts in the climate and disturbance regimes. Such changes are proceeding in similar directions but at different rates. Consequently, quantifying disturbance responses in Patagonian forests, for example, can from useful ‘blueprints’ informing research on rainforests of North America.Multiple disturbances can drive C-storage (net sink) or C-depletion (net source) depending on the relative reduction in C during the disturbance, the mean frequency of events, and the recovery time. Areas with high and low disturbance frequencies are maintain in a relatively lower C status due to limited inter-event periods for biomass regrowth or lowered productivity, respectively. Here, we test the hypothesis that areas of moderate disturbance exposure form spots of relative maximum C formation.Biotic processes are recognized as important controls of geomorphic processes. Yet cause and effect are not always unidirectional. For example, the weight of forest biomass may culminate in sliding triggered by wind forces transferred to the soil via trees. At the same time, landslide scars provide new spots for vegetation succession. Hence, landslides control biomass stocks on thus denuded hillslopes, too. Here we go the next step: We develop a modular process-based landslide model by implementing biomass burden and wind forcing. Using our model, we test for thresholds of biomass surcharge and wind forces on landslide triggering via simulating vegetation-dynamics–landslide-feedbacks over several disturbance recurrence intervals.RETROGRESS uses physics-based modelling coupled with field work, environmental seismology and remote sensing. It aims to (1) quantify C stored in biomass and soils along landslide and wind disturbance exposure gradients using LiDAR, forest inventory plots, and statistics, and (2) to simulate the sensitivity of biomass load as a landslide cause, and (3) wind forcing as a landslide trigger. The model of choice is Landlab.RETROGRESS brings together international experts from ecology, modelling, geomorphology, geology and involves local environment conservation authorities. The expected deliverables are (1) unprecedented insights into C-stocks and its spatial relation to disturbances in Patagonian rainforests, (2) a quantitative test for a fundamental disturbance ecology theory, (3) new insights into forest-intrinsic causes for landsliding, and (4) a potentially important landslide trigger in one of the windiest and most biodiverse spots on Earth. It has the potential to push each field individually as well as the synthesis between them, building new knowledge of the Coastal rainforest biome.

沿海温带雨林是地球碳循环的全球参与者。它们经历不同量级和频率的干扰。在巴塔哥尼亚热带雨林中，扰动包括火山爆发、暴雨和风暴;这些扰动导致浅层滑坡，从而释放出大量的C。沿海雨林易受气候变化和干扰的影响。这些变化的方向相似，但速度不同。因此，定量干扰响应巴塔哥尼亚森林，例如，可以从有用的“蓝图”通知北美雨林的研究。多种干扰可以驱动C-存储（净汇）或C-耗尽（净源）取决于C的相对减少在干扰期间，事件的平均频率，和恢复时间。高干扰频率和低干扰频率的区域分别由于生物量再生长或生产力降低的有限事件间隔期而维持在相对较低的C状态。在这里，我们测试的假设，中度干扰曝光的地区形成相对最大的C形成点。生物过程被认为是重要的控制地貌过程。然而，因果关系并不总是单向的。例如，森林生物量的重量可能会在风力通过树木传递到土壤而引发的滑动中达到顶峰。同时，滑坡疤痕为植被演替提供了新的场所。因此，滑坡也控制了裸露山坡上的生物量储存。现在我们开始下一步：我们通过实施生物质负荷和风力来开发一个基于模块化过程的滑坡模型。使用我们的模型，我们通过模拟植被动力学滑坡反馈在几个干扰recurrence interval. RETOGRESS使用基于物理的建模加上实地工作，环境地震学和遥感的阈值生物量超载和风力滑坡触发测试。它的目的是（1）量化碳存储在生物质和土壤沿着滑坡和风干扰暴露梯度使用激光雷达，森林清查图，和统计，（2）模拟的敏感性生物质负载作为滑坡的原因，（3）风强迫作为滑坡的触发器。选择的模式是Landlab。RETROGRESS汇集了来自生态学、建模、地貌学、地质学的国际专家，并涉及当地环境保护当局。预期的成果是：（1）对巴塔哥尼亚热带雨林中C-库存及其与干扰的空间关系的前所未有的见解，（2）对基本干扰生态学理论的定量测试，（3）对滑坡的森林内在原因的新见解，以及（4）地球上风最大，生物多样性最丰富的地点之一的潜在重要滑坡触发因素。它有可能单独推动每个领域以及它们之间的综合，建立沿海雨林生物群落的新知识。