Metacognition of Auditory Distraction

听觉分心的元认知

• 批准号: 495367142
• 负责人: Dr. Raoul Bell
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Arbeitsgruppe Allgemeine Psychologie und Arbeitspsychologie
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/495367142?language=en
• 关键词: Metacognition; Auditory; Distraction

While metacognitive judgments of learning have received much attention for some time and also in the recent past, metacognitive judgments of distraction about the effects of task-irrelevant stimuli on cognitive performance are less well understood. However, metacognitive judgments about the effects of task-irrelevant stimuli on cognitive performance are important not only for theory development and testing but also from a practical point of view because they can determine decisions about the design of learning and work environments. The aim of the project is to develop a theoretical framework for understanding metacognitive judgments about the effects of auditory distractors on cognitive performance. This requires a systematic and comprehensive analysis of metacognitive judgments about auditory distraction. A central question is whether people have a direct access to the processes underlying auditory distraction or base their judgments on simple heuristics such as the processing fluency heuristic or on abstract metacognitive beliefs. To test this, the perceived processing fluency is manipulated across a series of experiments in which the effects of stimulus reversal, masking, and stream segregation on the perceived processing fluency, on metacognitive judgments, and on cognitive performance are examined. In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of metacognitive judgments of distraction, abstract metacognitive beliefs, prospective stimulus-specific judgments as well as retrospective episodic judgments will be assessed. In a first step, the project focuses on cases which are particularly interesting when it come to tests of theoretical predictions. These are cases in which it is likely to find discrepancies between heuristic-based metacognitive judgments and performance effects. In a second step, the project distinguishes between the influence of abstract metacognitive beliefs and experience-based factors such as the perceived processing fluency. Half of the experiments are focussed on metacognitive judgments about task-irrelevant background speech; the other half of the experiments are designed to test whether these effects can be replicated with music. The project extends existing research lines in an innovative way by using theories and methods that are already well established in research on judgments of learning, and applying them to judgments of distraction. This research question is of practical relevance as well: Incorrect judgments about the effects of auditory distractors on cognitive performance could lead people to make false decisions when designing learning and work environments. Established knowledge about systematic errors in metacognitive judgments about the effects of task-irrelevant stimuli on performance could help to avoid wrong decisions.

虽然学习的元认知判断一段时间以来以及最近都受到了广泛关注，但关于与任务无关的刺激对认知表现的影响的分心的元认知判断却鲜为人知。然而，元认知判断任务无关的刺激对认知表现的影响是重要的，不仅理论的发展和测试，而且从实践的角度来看，因为它们可以确定的学习和工作环境的设计决策。该项目的目的是开发一个理论框架，用于理解有关听觉干扰物对认知表现影响的元认知判断。这就需要对听觉分心的元认知判断进行系统而全面的分析。一个核心问题是，人们是否有一个直接访问的过程中潜在的听觉分心或基于简单的推理，如处理流畅性启发式或抽象的元认知信念的判断。为了验证这一点，知觉处理流畅性操纵跨一系列的实验中，刺激反转，掩蔽和流隔离的影响，知觉处理流畅性，元认知判断，认知性能进行检查。为了全面了解分心的元认知判断，将评估抽象元认知信念、前瞻性刺激特异性判断以及回顾性情景判断。在第一步中，该项目侧重于在测试理论预测时特别有趣的案例。在这些情况下，很可能会发现基于认知的元认知判断和绩效效应之间的差异。在第二步中，该项目区分抽象的元认知信念和经验为基础的因素，如感知处理流畅性的影响。一半的实验集中在元认知判断任务无关的背景语音，另一半的实验旨在测试这些效果是否可以复制与音乐。该项目通过使用在学习判断研究中已经建立的理论和方法，并将其应用于分心的判断，以创新的方式扩展了现有的研究路线。这个研究问题也具有实际意义：对听觉干扰物对认知表现的影响的错误判断可能会导致人们在设计学习和工作环境时做出错误的决定。元认知判断中与任务无关的刺激对成绩影响的系统性错误知识有助于避免错误的决策。