Decoding Earth Evolution Program : development of effecient methods for data aquisition and decoding the Earth's environmental history

解码地球演化计划：开发有效的数据采集方法和解码地球环境历史

• 批准号: 07238104
• 负责人: KAWAKAMI Shin-ichi
• 金额: $ 107.01万
• 依托单位: Gifu University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1995 至 1997
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-07238104/
• 关键词: Earth history; non-destructive surface analysis; banded-iron formations; stromatolites; coevolution of life and the Earth; microbial mats; shima-shima gaku; evolution; 有機地球化学; 生物大量絶滅; 地球進化論; 地球システム科学; 地球磁場; ストリマトライト

The purpose of this research is to develop analytical methods for efficient data aquisition, to make data base of rock samples and analytical data, and to decode the Earth's environmental history dating back to 4.0 Ga through multidisciplinary approaches. The major results of this study are as follows.(1) Several "after 5 O'clock machines" has been developed and operated for first order chemical analysis of the obtained samples. Our samples were processed in plates with 400x200x30 mm or 200x200x30 mm in dimension. X-ray analytical microscope, one of the most useful after 5 machines, aquired chemical images of the samples, which were after image processing represented as chemical profiles corresponding to the stratigraphic sequence.(2) The database we obtained includes (1) chert and banded iron-formation from Isua, West Greenland (3.8Ga), (2) chert and BIFs from Pilbara Blocks with 3.4 Ga in age, (3) the Hamersley BIF (2.4Ga), (4) Bell and Dwyer Lake BIFs (2.8Ga) from Yellowknife Superg … More roup, Canada, (5) the Hearne stromatolites (1.9 Ga) from Canada, and (6) Rastof cap carbonate (ca. 0.7 Ga) from Namibia. In sampling in Canada and Namibia, we used an engine cutter and a handy corer for completely continuous sampling required for the rhythm and event analysis of laminations.(3) The Cr-enriched layer has been found in banded-iron formation from Isua, Greenland. In order to discuss its origin, the Mn-Cr isotope systematics is applied. A specimen was sent to geochemists in Australia to initiate international colaborations.(4) As a model for early terrestrial ecosystem, we have been interested in hotspring microbial mats and started joint study with microbiologists. Recently we developed a handy spectrometer, which enabled indentification of photosynthetic microbes in the field. Further, image analysis of temperature and RGB color distribution was performed for an ecological characterization of microbial mats. On the other hand, we proposed a new view of Earth history, "co-evolution of the Earth and life", which argues that the evolution of Earth and terrestrial life is tightly related each other. Special attension has been paid for the origins of photosynthesis, eukaryotes and metazoa and evolution of atmospheric oxygen level. Less

本研究的目的是开发有效数据采集的分析方法，建立岩石样本和分析数据的数据库，并通过多学科方法解码可追溯到4.0 Ga的地球环境历史。本研究的主要结果如下：(1)开发并运行了几台“5点钟后机器”，用于对所获得的样品进行一级化学分析。我们的样品在尺寸为 400x200x30 毫米或 200x200x30 毫米的板上进行加工。 X 射线分析显微镜是最有用的 5 台机器之一，它获取了样品的化学图像，这些图像经过图像处理后表示为与地层序列相对应的化学剖面。(2) 我们获得的数据库包括 (1) 来自西格陵兰伊苏阿的燧石和带状铁矿层 (3.8Ga)，(2) 来自皮尔巴拉地块年龄为 3.4 Ga 的燧石和 BIF，(3) Hamersley BIF (2.4Ga)、(4) 来自加拿大耶洛奈夫超级组的 Bell 和 Dwyer Lake BIF (2.8Ga)、(5) 来自加拿大的赫恩叠层石 (1.9 Ga) 和 (6) 来自纳米比亚的 Rastof 帽碳酸盐岩 (约 0.7 Ga)。在加拿大和纳米比亚的采样中，我们使用了机动切割机和便携式取芯器来进行叠片节律和事件分析所需的完全连续采样。(3) 在格陵兰岛伊苏亚的带状铁地层中发现了富铬层。为了讨论其起源，应用了锰-铬同位素系统学。标本被送往澳大利亚地球化学家，启动国际合作。（4）作为早期陆地生态系统的模型，我们一直对温泉微生物垫感兴趣，并开始与微生物学家联合研究。最近，我们开发了一种便携式光谱仪，可以在现场识别光合微生物。此外，还对温度和 RGB 颜色分布进行图像分析，以了解微生物垫的生态特征。另一方面，我们提出了新的地球历史观“地球与生命共同演化”，认为地球的演化与陆地生命紧密相关。特别关注光合作用、真核生物和后生动物的起源以及大气氧水平的演变。较少的

项目成果

Takano, M., H. Yoshioka, T. Okaniwa, S. Hori, T. Komiya, S. Kawakami, S. Maruyama, and M. Kumazawa: "The chemical profile of 3.8 Ga banded iron formation from Isua supracrustal belt, West Greenland"Abst. GAC/MAC 50th annual meeting, Ottawa. 145 (1997)

Takano, M., H. Yoshioka, T. Okaniwa, S. Hori, T. Komiya, S. Kawakami, S. Maruyama, 和 M. Kumazawa：“西伊苏亚表壳带 3.8 Ga 带状铁形成的化学剖面

Tojo, B., and T. Ohno: "Continuous growth-line sequences in gastropod shells."Paleogeog. Paleoclim. Paleoecol.. (in press). (1999)

Tojo, B. 和 T. Ohno：“腹足动物壳中的连续生长线序列。”古地理。

N.Suzuki ほか: "High productivity in the earliest Triassic ocean: Black shales,Southwest Japan" Palaeogeograpy,Palaeoclimatology,Palaeoecology. (印刷中). (1998)

N. Suzuki 等人：“最早的三叠纪海洋的高生产力：日本西南部的黑色页岩”古地理学、古气候学、古生态学（1998 年出版）。

川上 紳一 ほか: "岩波講座地球惑星科学第13巻地球進化論(共著)" 岩波書店, 550 (1998)

川上真一等人：《岩波地球与行星科学讲座第13卷地球演化理论（合着）》岩波书店，550（1998）

Kawakami,S.et al.: "New opportunity for detecting paleoearthquake events : a record from lucstrine sediment." Eng.Geol.43. 177-188 (1996)

Kawakami,S.et al.：“检测古地震事件的新机会：来自露质沉积物的记录。”