Decoding Earth Evolution Program : development of effecient methods for data aquisition and decoding the Earth's environmental history

这项研究的目的是开发有效的数据采集分析方法，建立岩石样品和分析数据的数据库，并通过多学科方法破译4.0Ga以来的地球环境历史。本研究的主要结果如下：(1)研制了几台“5点后仪器”，用于样品的一级化学分析。我们的样品被加工成尺寸为400x200x30 mm或200x200x30 mm的平板。(2)我们获得的数据库包括：(1)西格陵兰岛伊苏阿的硅质岩和带状铁建造(3.8Ga)；(2)皮尔巴拉地块的硅质岩和BIF(3.4Ga)；(3)哈默斯利BIF(2.4Ga)；(4)YellowKauer Superg…的贝尔和德怀尔湖BIF(2.8Ga)More Group，加拿大，(5)来自加拿大的Hearne叠层石(1.9Ga)，(6)来自纳米比亚的Rastof帽碳酸盐(约0.7Ga)。在加拿大和纳米比亚的采样中，我们使用了发动机切割器和方便的取样器进行完全连续的采样，这是进行纹层韵律和事件分析所需的。(3)在格陵兰伊苏阿的带状铁建造中发现了富铬层。为了探讨其成因，应用了锰铬同位素系统学方法。一个标本被送往澳大利亚的地球化学家，以发起国际合作。(4)作为早期陆地生态系统的模型，我们对温泉微生物垫感兴趣，并与微生物学家开始联合研究。最近，我们开发了一种轻便的光谱仪，可以在田间鉴定光合作用微生物。此外，对温度和RGB颜色分布进行了图像分析，以进行微生物垫的生态表征。另一方面，我们提出了一种新的地球历史观--“地球与生命的共同演化”，认为地球和地球生命的演化是紧密相关的。特别关注了光合作用、真核生物和后生动物的起源以及大气氧水平的演变。较少

The purpose of this research is to develop analytical methods for efficient data aquisition, to make data base of rock samples and analytical data, and to decode the Earth's environmental history dating back to 4.0 Ga through multidisciplinary approaches. The major results of this study are as follows.(1) Several "after 5 O'clock machines" has been developed and operated for first order chemical analysis of the obtained samples. Our samples were processed in plates with 400x200x30 mm or 200x200x30 mm in dimension. X-ray analytical microscope, one of the most useful after 5 machines, aquired chemical images of the samples, which were after image processing represented as chemical profiles corresponding to the stratigraphic sequence.(2) The database we obtained includes (1) chert and banded iron-formation from Isua, West Greenland (3.8Ga), (2) chert and BIFs from Pilbara Blocks with 3.4 Ga in age, (3) the Hamersley BIF (2.4Ga), (4) Bell and Dwyer Lake BIFs (2.8Ga) from Yellowknife Superg … More roup, Canada, (5) the Hearne stromatolites (1.9 Ga) from Canada, and (6) Rastof cap carbonate (ca. 0.7 Ga) from Namibia. In sampling in Canada and Namibia, we used an engine cutter and a handy corer for completely continuous sampling required for the rhythm and event analysis of laminations.(3) The Cr-enriched layer has been found in banded-iron formation from Isua, Greenland. In order to discuss its origin, the Mn-Cr isotope systematics is applied. A specimen was sent to geochemists in Australia to initiate international colaborations.(4) As a model for early terrestrial ecosystem, we have been interested in hotspring microbial mats and started joint study with microbiologists. Recently we developed a handy spectrometer, which enabled indentification of photosynthetic microbes in the field. Further, image analysis of temperature and RGB color distribution was performed for an ecological characterization of microbial mats. On the other hand, we proposed a new view of Earth history, "co-evolution of the Earth and life", which argues that the evolution of Earth and terrestrial life is tightly related each other. Special attension has been paid for the origins of photosynthesis, eukaryotes and metazoa and evolution of atmospheric oxygen level. Less