A study of the large-scale structure of radiation, clouds and precipitation fields of Earth's atmosphere

经过三年的努力，取得了以下成果：1.气溶胶产品：检索了世界上第一个气溶胶粒径指数的全球分布。发现中纬度工业气溶胶和热带生物质燃烧气溶胶带.云产品：云微物理参数的独特的全球分布。发现云粒子半径在大的大陆周围系统地减小.通过产品（1）和（2），首次获得了全球平均云与气溶胶相互作用现象的强度。这一结果对于更好地模拟云-气溶胶现象是非常有用的。地表能量收支产品：地表辐射能量收支是根据GMS卫星每小时的数据估算的。该产品的性能优于ISCCP（国际卫星云气候学项目）产品.加深了对能量流，特别是非绝热能量流与大气结构关系的认识。结果表明，利用NCEP客观分析资料和埃尔贝卫星资料估算的极向能量输送比80年代的估算结果要好，但仍不足以准确估算地面辐射能量通量。低频涡和高频涡的长期能量输送对中纬度冬季动力场的贡献是互补的.卫星数据档案：CCSR（东京大学气候系统研究中心）和CeRES（千叶大学环境遥感中心）建立了GMS、AVHRR、SSM/I等10年尺度的卫星数据库。该数据库可以在网络环境下使用.未来遗产：已经培养了几位有前途的年轻科学家和学生来进一步发展本研究中的主题。

The following successful results have been attained after the three year effort of the project :1. Aerosol product : The world's first global distribution of aerosol size index was retrieved. Middle latitude industrial aerosols and a tropical belt of biomass burning aerosols were found.2. Cloud product : Unique global distributions of cloud microphysical parameters were obtained. It is found that the cloud particle radius systematically decreases around large continents.3. Through the products (1) and (2), the strength of cloud-aerosol interaction phenomenon on global average was obtained for the first time. This result is extremely useful for better modeling the cloud-aerosol phenomenon.4. Surface energy budget product : The surface radiative energy budget was estimated from the GMS satellite for every one hour. Such a product showed better performance than the ISCCP (International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project) products.5. Better understanding of energy flow, especially relationship between diabatic energy flow and atmospheric structure, was obtained. It is found that an estimation of poleward energy transportation from NCEP objective analysis data and ERBE satellite data is better than that of 80's, but still not sufficient for accurate evaluation of the surface radiative energy flux. It is also found that the long-term energy transport by low frequency and high frequency eddies vary complementarily contributing to the middle latitude winter dynamical field.6. Satellite data archive : CCSR (Center for Climate System Research, the University of Tokyo) and CeRES (Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, the Chiba university) have constructed ten year scale satellite data bases of GMS, AVHRR, SSM/I etc.. The database can be used in the network environment.7. Future heritage : Several young promising scientists and students have been raised for performing further development of the subjects in this study.