An environmental study of the Indonesian fire smoke disaster

研究活动几乎按原计划进行。1997年印度尼西亚森林火灾事件的气候和环境方面的各种测量的气象学，大气光学，大气化学，森林环境研究在印度尼西亚和新加坡。气象资料分析表明，旱季的提前到来会导致旱季的延迟结束，因此与火灾的大小有很强的相关性。但也发现，引起火灾的气象条件有很大的局限性。例如，爪哇的降雨量有明显的季节变化，而苏门答腊和加里曼丹地区没有观察到这种季节变化。排放的烟雾颗粒总量约为0.3 Tg/年，比该区域过去发生的事件大几倍，相当于农业活动造成的全球排放总量的几分之一。由于有重大的泥炭沼泽火灾，大量的树木已经倒下，并造成烟雾与亚马逊和非洲相比，太阳辐射吸收较少，粒子半径较小。与此同时，臭氧量与标准值相比增加了数倍。这种颗粒物和气体环境的变化对该地区的能量收支和大气层结产生了很大的影响。我们需要更多的分析来得出关于森林火灾总影响的标志（冷却或加热）的最终结论。

The research activities have been performed as almost originally planned. The climatic and environmental aspects of the 1997 Indonesian forest fire event have been depicted by various measurements of meteorology, atmospheric optics, atmospheric chemistry, forest environmental studies in Indonesia and Singapore. Meteorological data analyzes have shown that there is a tendency that early onset of dry season causes delayd end of the dry season, and hence has a strong correlation with the magnitude of fires. It is also found, however, there is a large locality in meteorological condition for causing fires. For exapmle, there was a distinct seasonal change in rainfall amount in Java, whereas no such seasonal change was observed in Sumatra and Kalimantan regions. The total amount of emitted smoke particles is of order of 0.3 Tg/year, which is several times larger than that of past events in this region, and is equivalent to several percents of the total global emission due to agricultural activities. Since there were significant peat bog fires, a large amount of trees have fallen and cause smokes which are with less solar radiation absorption and with small particle radii as compared with those of Amazon and Africa. At the same time, the ozone amount has increased several times as compared with the standard value. Such a change in particulate and gaseous environment has caused a largeimpact on the energy budget and atmospheric stratification of this region. We need more analyzes to draw a final conclusion about the sign (cooling or heating) of the total effects of the forest fires.