Atom Optics (Technical Application of Laser Cooling)

我们研究了原子光学的三个领域。(1)清水组原子光学元件的研制，(2)中川组Rb BEC原子芯片的研究，(3)森永组原子干涉测量。(1)利用超冷亚稳氖原子束对不同组分进行了表征。用静电透镜对原子束进行聚焦，用透射型全息图对原子束进行任意图像化。通过在SiN薄膜的全息图上沉积电极，我们演示了对原子全息图像的实时控制。该小组还首次通过实验验证了固体表面上的量子反射。此外，他们还发现，通过改变滑动面可以显著提高反射率。该结果应用于制作反射型全息图、分束器和一维聚焦透镜。(2)中川课题组研制出铷BEC（国内第三个）。考虑到BEC中的原子负载，他们构建了一个由携带电流的微型导线组成的原子芯片，以引导和捕获原子。对装载激光冷却原子的初步实验进行了验证。该小组还研究了铷原子干涉仪，旨在测量重力G常数。(3)森永课题组研究了热钙原子干涉仪和激光冷却钠原子干涉仪。他们用钙测量了Aharonov-Casher相移，准确度超过3%。用钠，他们演示了精细度超过100的时域多重干涉仪。

We have worked in three areas of atom optics. (1)The development of atom optics components by Shimizu's group, (2)the study of atom chips with Rb BEC by Nakagawa's group, and (3)atom interferometries by Morinaga's group. (1) Various components were demonstrated by using an ultra-cold metastable neon atomic beam. The focusing of an atomic beam with a static electric lens, arbitrary patterning of an atomic beam with a transmission type hologram made of SiN thin film were demonstrated. By depositing electrodes on the hologram of the SiN film we demonstrated real time control of holographic image of atoms. The group also experimentally verified quantum reflection on a solid surface for the first time. Furthermore, they found mat the reflectivity can be improved remarkably by modifying me slid surface. This result was applied to make a reflective type hologram, beam splitter and one dimensional focusing lens. (2) Nakagawa's group developed a rubidium BEC (the third in this country). Loading of atoms from BEC in mind, they constructed an atom chip consisting of miniature wires carrying current to guide and trap atoms. Preliminary experiment of loading laser cooled atoms was verified. The group also worked on a rubidium atom interferometer that is aimed to measure gravity G constant. (3) Morinaga's group studied on a thermal calcium atom interferometer and a laser cooled sodium atom interferometer. With calcium they measured Aharonov-Casher phase shift with an accuracy better than 3%. With sodium they demonstrated time-domain multiple interferometer that had a finesse better than 100.