Anesthetic Substances and Other Key Compounds Related to Biologically Intriguing Phenomena

自然界具有巨大的、几乎令人费解的多样性和适应能力。我们研究了这些具有挑战性的生物活性分子，以探索新的前沿，更好地理解基本概念。我们试图对生物现象有更深的了解。美国短尾鼠Blarina brevicauda已知能产生一种强大的毒液。从其颌下腺提取液中分离出一种新的致命毒液--Blarina毒素。注射Blarina毒素的小鼠表现出特征症状，如呼吸不规律和加快，后肢瘫痪，死前抽搐。Barina毒素的初级氨基酸序列的成熟形式，表明该蛋白类似于组织激肽释放素，一种分泌型丝氨酸蛋白。蜘蛛黄蜂使蜘蛛瘫痪，使其幼虫受到刺痛的毒液。由于黄蜂有趣的生态学，我们研究了这些麻醉物质Gui…用柱层析法从冲绳扇贝毒腺提取液中分离出麻醉物质(S)，用质谱仪对纯化的麻痹蛋白的氨基酸序列进行了分析。该蛋白是一种新型的激酶样蛋白。日本和中国食用的贝类收肌经常发生食物中毒。我们成功地从冲绳双壳类贝类中分离出了毒素，这是引起食物中毒的主要原因。品纳毒素是一种独特的两性碳环化合物，具有新的钙通道激活特性。我们还从冲绳双壳企鹅中分离出了翼毒素A、B和C。我们还对在琉球群岛附近海域生长珊瑚礁的海绵Terpios hoshinota进行了研究。海绵的乙醇提取物通过柱层析分离得到了新的细胞毒性化合物，Terpiodiene、Nakiterpiosin和Nakiterpiosinone。Nakiterpiosin是一种新的C-NOR-D-同源化合物，具有很强的细胞毒性。较少

Nature has an enormous, almost incomprehensible, capacity for diversity and adaptation.We have investigated such challenging bioactive molecules to explore new frontiers and better understand basic concepts.We have sought to acquire a deeper understanding of biological phenomena.The American short-tailed shrew Blarina brevicauda is known to produce a potent venom.A novel lethal venom, blarina toxin, was isolated from the extract of its submaxillary gland.Mice injected with blarina toxin showed characteristic symptoms, i.e., irregular and quickened respiration, paralysis of the hind limbs, and convulsions before death.The mature form of the primary amino acid sequences of blarina toxin was determined, suggesting this protein was similar to tissue-kallikrein, a type of secretory serine protease.The spider wasp Cyphononyx dorsalis paralyze spiders as victims for their larvae with the stinging venom.Due to the interesting ecology of the wasp, we have studied these anesthetic substances gui … More ded by paralytic activity against spiders.Anesthetic substance (s) were separated using column chromatographies from the extract of the poison gland of the wasp.Amino acid sequences of the purified paralytic protein were analyzed by mass spectrometry.The protein was the new type of a kinase-like protein.The adductor muscle of the shellfish Pinna sp.is eaten in Japan and China, and food poisoning resulting from its ingestion occurs frequently.We successfully isolated pinnatoxins from the Okinawan bivalve P.muricata as a major cause of food, poisoning. Pinnatoxins are unique amphoteric carbocyclic compounds that possess novel Ca^<2+> channel-activating properties.We also isolated pteriatoxins A, B and C from the Okinawan bivalve Pteria penguin.We also focused on the marine sponge Terpios hoshinota, which overgrows coral reefs in waters off the Ryukya Islands.The ethanol extract of the sponge was separated using column chromatographies to give the new cytotoxic compounds, terpiodiene, nakiterpiosin and nakiterpiosinone.Nakiterpiosin, a novel C-nor-D-homosteroids, showed potent cytotoxicity. Less