Exchange of signal molecules derived from fungal parasites and plants on the plant surfaces and then-signal transmission leading to defense reaction or accessibility induction.

在本项目中，我们发现，1)一种新的真菌病原菌(Colktotrichum Lagenum)分生孢子萌发的诱导剂是十八碳酸衍生物；2)通过atmT方法从炭疽菌中克隆了一个抗类渗透素蛋白的基因，命名为S新毒力基因。在稻瘟病菌中，这个同源基因的破坏导致了对水稻的无毒；3)在In-0中，一个生态型的拟南芥表现出对根结线虫的抗性。该抗性基因位于第4染色体上，具有多个分子标记；4)不亲和白粉菌(Erysihe Pisi)的分生孢子接触时，立即分泌细胞外基质(ECM)，包括植物表面的酯酶。这种ECM诱导了对相容挑战者的不可及性(在细胞水平上的抗性)；5)细胞壁结合型NTPase是外源信号分子的受体。无机磷是NTPase的产物之一，可诱导植物的防御反应。转NTPase基因烟草表现出对致病真菌的抗性；6)转NTPase基因烟草对细菌病原菌表现敏感，表明NTPase与非寄主抗性关系不大。

In this project, we found that, 1) A new inducer for germination of conidiospores of a fungal pathogen (Colktotrichum lagenarium) is a derivative of octadecanoic acid ; 2) A gene for resistance to osmotin-like proteins was cloned as s new virulent gene from C.lagenarium by AtMT method. Disruption of this ortholog in Magnaporthe grisea resulted in avirulent to rice plant ; 3) In-0, an ecotype of Arabidopsis thaliana showed resistance to C.higginsianum. This resistance gene is located the 4th chromosome with several molecular markers ; 4) Conidiospores of an incompatible powdery mildew fungus (Erysiphe pisi) secreted immediately extracellular matrix (ECM) including esterase on the surface of plants when these spores contacted. This ECM induced inaccessibility (resistance at cell level) to the compatible challenger ; 5) Cell wall-bound NTPase is a receptor for exogenous signal molecules. Inorganic phosphate, one of the products by NTPases induced defense response in plants. Transgenic tobacco with NTPase gene showed resistance to virulent fungi ; 6) VTGS of NTPase in Nicotiana benthamiana showed susceptibility to bacterial pathogens, indicating that NTPases are lightly associated with nonhost resistance.