Birth and Growth of Printing Culture in Mongolia

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It is generally and widely believed that the introduction of Tibetan Buddhism into Mongolia, which occurred in as early as the 14^<th> century, gave rise to the so-called Written Mongolian, which is still used by the Mongols, although how the former had exercised influences upon the latter is far from clear. and understandable. The key lies tin the characteristics of Buddhist Mongolian, namely Mongolian language used in the Buddhist works and transmission and publishing of Mongolian Buddhist works, Buddhist Mongolian had been formed under the influences of surrounding languages such as Uighur, Tibetan Chinese and so on. Though categorized into one under the same name of Mongolian, this language was largely different from the language of secular literature, which was of much colloquialism as well as of many native elements, from the viewpoint of syntax, morphology etc. The head investigator has been keeping close and frequent contact with many scholars of Mongolia, China, Russia and Korea, where published materials in Mongolian language, namely Buddhist works are widely kept and studied and jointly done research with them on the topic of how and why handwritten works were published Some of them were read in a number of academic meetings and awaited publishing. What was obtained in the research project are as follows. 1 How the Mongolian translations of Buddhist works were born and how they were welcomed by the Mongolian scholars. 2 To what degree publishing projects of them were related to the process. 3 How deeply Mongolian culture went through the publishing projects, namely what was lost and what was maintained are in focus. A number of newly found facts were reported and much discusses among the scholars of the same discipline. They will be published shortly and also opened with commentaries on HP..