Influences of the Buddhist Mongolian upon the formation of the Written Mongolian

佛教蒙古文对蒙古文字形成的影响

• 批准号: 16520244
• 负责人: HIGUCHI Koichi
• 金额: $ 1.86万
• 依托单位: Ehime University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16520244/
• 关键词: Mongolian Buddhist Literature; the Written Mongolian; the Buddhist Mongolian; ウイグル語; チベット語; モンゴル仏教

The Head Investigator has an insight through the long-tem studies on the Mongolian Buddhist Literature in view of Linguistics and Philology to the effect that the Buddhist Mongolian, which is defined as the Language with which the Tibetan originals were translated into Mongolian, was a great motive to the formation of the Written Mongolian, which had been till the first decade of the last century and partly has been now used as an official language with which any documents in Mongolian are written. The Buddhist Mongolian had been into use slightly after the first introduction of the Tibetan Buddhism into the Mongols of the 13th century. This study was developed under the insight. Through minute research of the secular literature after the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in 1269 we find that the forms and expressions which had been firstly used in the Mongolian translations of the Tibetan originals were widespread in the secular literature. This cannot be found in any colloquial literature including the Secret History of the Mongols, which was written in Chinese characters in order to transcript the contemporary Mongolian, and so on. This fact leads us to presume that the Written Mongolian and the colloquial one were of the different character although the both can be labeled as Mongolian Language. Such difference was maintained even after the second introduction of the Tibetan Buddhism in the late 17th century.' The tendencies that language contacts are the great motive of the formation of the written can be witnessed in other parts of the world, of which the typical case was Gothic in the German world, and now we can find it in the Mongolian world. This finding will be reported in the International Congress of Humanities of Asia and North Africa to be held in Ankara this September.

首席调查员从语言学和文献学的角度对蒙古族佛教文献进行了长期的研究，发现佛教蒙古语是形成书面蒙古语的重要动机，佛教蒙古语被定义为藏文原文被翻译成蒙古语的语言，直到上个世纪头十年，蒙古语书面语言一直被部分用作书写蒙古语文件的官方语言。13世纪藏传佛教首次传入蒙古族后，佛教蒙古语稍有使用。本研究正是在这一背景下展开的。通过对1269年元代建立后的世俗文学的细致研究，我们发现，藏文原文蒙古文翻译中最早使用的形式和表达在世俗文学中广泛存在。这在任何白话文献中都是找不到的，包括为了抄写当代蒙古语而用汉字写成的《蒙古秘史》等。这一事实使我们推测蒙古语的书面语和口语是不同的性质，尽管两者都可以被标记为蒙古语。这种差异甚至在17世纪末藏传佛教第二次传入后仍保持不变。语言接触是书面语形成的最大动因的倾向在世界其他地方都可以看到，其中典型的例子是德国的哥特式，现在我们可以在蒙古世界找到它。这一发现将在今年9月在安卡拉举行的亚洲和北非国际人文科学大会上报告。