Influences of the Buddhist Mongolian upon the formation of the Written Mongolian

佛教蒙古文对蒙古文字形成的影响

• 批准号: 16520244
• 负责人: HIGUCHI Koichi
• 金额: $ 1.86万
• 依托单位: Ehime University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 2004
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2004 至 2006
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-16520244/
• 关键词: Mongolian Buddhist Literature; the Written Mongolian; the Buddhist Mongolian; ウイグル語; チベット語; モンゴル仏教

The Head Investigator has an insight through the long-tem studies on the Mongolian Buddhist Literature in view of Linguistics and Philology to the effect that the Buddhist Mongolian, which is defined as the Language with which the Tibetan originals were translated into Mongolian, was a great motive to the formation of the Written Mongolian, which had been till the first decade of the last century and partly has been now used as an official language with which any documents in Mongolian are written. The Buddhist Mongolian had been into use slightly after the first introduction of the Tibetan Buddhism into the Mongols of the 13th century. This study was developed under the insight. Through minute research of the secular literature after the establishment of the Yuan dynasty in 1269 we find that the forms and expressions which had been firstly used in the Mongolian translations of the Tibetan originals were widespread in the secular literature. This cannot be found in any colloquial literature including the Secret History of the Mongols, which was written in Chinese characters in order to transcript the contemporary Mongolian, and so on. This fact leads us to presume that the Written Mongolian and the colloquial one were of the different character although the both can be labeled as Mongolian Language. Such difference was maintained even after the second introduction of the Tibetan Buddhism in the late 17th century.' The tendencies that language contacts are the great motive of the formation of the written can be witnessed in other parts of the world, of which the typical case was Gothic in the German world, and now we can find it in the Mongolian world. This finding will be reported in the International Congress of Humanities of Asia and North Africa to be held in Ankara this September.

通过对蒙古族佛教文献的长期研究，从语言学、文献学的角度，认为佛教蒙古语是藏文翻译成蒙古语的语言，是蒙古文形成的重要动因，直到上个世纪的头十年，蒙古语一直是官方语言，现在部分地被用作蒙古语的任何文件。佛教蒙古语是在世纪藏传佛教传入蒙古之后不久开始使用的。本研究正是在这种认识下展开的。通过对1269年元朝建立后的世俗文学进行细致的研究，我们发现，最初出现在藏文原版蒙译中的形式和表达方式在世俗文学中普遍存在。这一点在包括《蒙古秘史》在内的任何一部口语文献中都找不到，而《蒙古秘史》是用汉字写成的，是为了记录当时的蒙古语等，这一事实使我们可以假定，书面蒙古语和口语蒙古语虽然都可以被称为蒙古语，但它们的性质是不同的。这种差异在世纪末藏传佛教第二次传入后依然存在。语言接触是文字形成的巨大动力，这种趋势在世界其他地方也可以看到，其中典型的例子是德国世界的哥特式，现在我们可以在蒙古世界找到它。这一发现将在今年9月在安卡拉举行的亚洲和北非人文学科国际大会上报告。