Dynamical entropy control and macroscopic phase separation in strongly

强动态熵控制和宏观相分离

基本信息

批准号：
13031010
负责人：
TANAKA Hajime
金额：
$ 42.3万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13031010/
关键词：
strongly correlated soft materials dynamic entropy control macroscopic phase separation viscoelastic phase separation polymer solution colloidal dispersion liquid crystal microemulsion phase coherent light scattering 高分子・液晶混合系相分離ダイナミクス

项目摘要

Various types of self-organizing structures having multi length scales are formed in soft materials, Since the energy scale stabilizing the higher-order structures is comparable to the thermal energy. the structures can be easily controlled by weak perturbations.In this study, we have aimed to clarify and control the dynamic physical properties of soft condensed matter. Major achievements of this study are follows.(1) We have constructed the dynamic phase diagram of viscoelastic phase separation in polymer solutions by using the characteristics of the domain morphology. We have found that the dynamic phase diagramis can be scaled into the universal one. (2) We have found that viscoelastic phase separation is observed in colloidal dispersions, despite that the components do not have any internal degrees of freedom. This suggests the universality of viscoelastic phase separation in dynamically asymmetric mixtures. (3) Hydrodynamic interactions between the aggregating colloidal particles are turned out to play crucial roles in the formation of network structure. (4) A tansparent liquid crystal phase has been discovered in liquid-crystal microemulsions. (5) Novel phenomenon of spontaneous partitioning of particles into cellar structures in membrane systems has been found. (6) We have succeeded in mode-selective measurements of the fluctuations in soft matters by the phase-coherent light scattering method. (7) We have successfully controlled higher order structures of membrane systems dynamically by the external fields, such as shear flow and spatial confinement. (8) Defect structures in membrane systems have successfully been controlled by the laser manipulating method.

具有多长度尺度的各种类型的自组织结构是在软材料中形成的，因为能量尺度稳定高阶结构与热能相当。在这项研究中，我们旨在澄清和控制软凝结物质的动态物理特性。（1）我们使用域形态的特征在聚合物溶液中构建了粘弹性相分离的动态相图。我们发现，动态相图可以缩放到通用图中。（2）我们发现，尽管组件没有任何内部自由度，但在胶体分散体中仍观察到粘弹相分离。这表明在动态不对称混合物中粘弹性相分离的普遍性。（3）聚集的胶体颗粒之间的流体动力相互作用在网络结构的形成中起着至关重要的作用。（4）在液体晶体微乳液中发现了单独的液晶相。（5）已经发现了将颗粒自发分配到膜系统中的地窖结构的新现象。（6）我们通过相位的光散射方法成功地进行了模式选择性测量软件波动的测量。（7）我们通过外部场（例如剪切流和空间限制）动态地成功控制了膜系统的高阶结构。（8）膜系统中的缺陷结构已通过激光操纵方法成功控制。