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Dynamical entropy control and macroscopic phase separation in strongly

强动态熵控制和宏观相分离

基本信息

批准号：
13031010
负责人：
TANAKA Hajime
金额：
$ 42.3万
依托单位：
The University of Tokyo
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas
财政年份：
2001
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
2001 至 2003
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/en/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-13031010/
关键词：
strongly correlated soft materials dynamic entropy control macroscopic phase separation viscoelastic phase separation polymer solution colloidal dispersion liquid crystal microemulsion phase coherent light scattering 高分子・液晶混合系相分離ダイナミクス

项目摘要

Various types of self-organizing structures having multi length scales are formed in soft materials, Since the energy scale stabilizing the higher-order structures is comparable to the thermal energy. the structures can be easily controlled by weak perturbations.In this study, we have aimed to clarify and control the dynamic physical properties of soft condensed matter. Major achievements of this study are follows.(1) We have constructed the dynamic phase diagram of viscoelastic phase separation in polymer solutions by using the characteristics of the domain morphology. We have found that the dynamic phase diagramis can be scaled into the universal one. (2) We have found that viscoelastic phase separation is observed in colloidal dispersions, despite that the components do not have any internal degrees of freedom. This suggests the universality of viscoelastic phase separation in dynamically asymmetric mixtures. (3) Hydrodynamic interactions between the aggregating colloidal particles are turned out to play crucial roles in the formation of network structure. (4) A tansparent liquid crystal phase has been discovered in liquid-crystal microemulsions. (5) Novel phenomenon of spontaneous partitioning of particles into cellar structures in membrane systems has been found. (6) We have succeeded in mode-selective measurements of the fluctuations in soft matters by the phase-coherent light scattering method. (7) We have successfully controlled higher order structures of membrane systems dynamically by the external fields, such as shear flow and spatial confinement. (8) Defect structures in membrane systems have successfully been controlled by the laser manipulating method.

由于稳定高阶结构的能量尺度与热能相当，软材料中形成了具有多种长度尺度的各种类型的自组织结构。在本研究中，我们的目标是阐明和控制软凝聚态的动力学物理性质。本研究的主要成果如下。(1)利用微区形态的特征，建立了高分子溶液粘弹性相分离的动态相图。我们发现，动态相位图可以标度成普适相位图。(2)我们已经发现，在胶体分散体中观察到粘弹性相分离，尽管组分不具有任何内部自由度。这表明了粘弹性相分离在动态不对称混合物中的普遍性。(3)结果表明，胶体颗粒之间的流体动力学相互作用对网络结构的形成起着至关重要的作用。(4)在液晶微乳液中发现了透明的液晶相。(5)发现了膜系统中粒子自发分裂成胞状结构的新现象。（6）我们成功地用相位相干光散射方法对软物质中的涨落进行了模式选择性测量。(7)我们已经成功地控制膜系统的高阶结构的动态外部场，如剪切流和空间限制。(8)膜系统中的缺陷结构已成功地用激光操纵方法控制。