The multilevel system of arms trade law

武器贸易法的多层次体系

• 批准号: 501628580
• 负责人: Dr. Isabelle Ley
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Öffentliches Recht und Grundlagen des Rechts
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/501628580?language=en
• 关键词: multilevel; system; arms; trade; law

Arms export regulation is today as topical as it is under-researched. Many states, including Germany, react to current external policy challenges (Russian and Chinese aggressions in different world regions, conflicts in the Middle East and Mediterranean, Brexit / AUKUS, problems within NATO) with a rise in defence investments which, in turn, triggers an increase in the global volume of arms trade. Germany ranks on number four of the list of weapons exporting states worldwide. These developments sparked the international regulation of weapons export in the past years: In 2014, the Arms Trade Treaty entered into force. The European Commission has taken a number of steps to extend the internal market logic to the intra-European trade in arms. Next to the issuance of several directives, it created the European defence fonds and established a new General Directorate “Defence Industry and Space”. In 2017, the “Permanent Structured Cooperation” in the area of security and defence (PESCO) was founded in order to create an industrial base for arms production to further Europe’s “strategic autonomy” from the US / NATO. In a Franco-German treaty both countries stipulated guidelines for the export of weapons. Finally, Germany decided upon different measures to make the export of arms more transparent and less prone to abuse. Despite all these developments the field of arms export has not been well researched by historians, political scientists and legal scholars: During the Cold War the scholarly interest was focused on the control of nuclear weapons. After 1989 the regulation of arms got less attention than more general questions of a peaceful democratization and constitutionalisation of international relations and the European integration. Against this backdrop, this project will reconstruct the emerging multi-level system of arms export regulation between the international, the European and the national levels to be able to address more concrete questions: How do political and judicial safeguards of arms export work? Is it, in the German case, convincing that a parliamentary mandate is necessary to send troops abroad while the decision about the export of arms is made in secret executive committees? Is there any judicial remedy for those who may be threatened by exported weapons? Which limits to arms export result from the Franco-German cooperation? It is the aim of this project to answer these questions from the perspective of national, European and international law in a coherent manner and to define institutional paths for a more democratic and better judicially controlled development of this field of law.

今天，武器出口管制既成为热门话题，也没有得到充分研究。包括德国在内的许多国家对当前外部政策挑战（俄罗斯和中国在世界不同地区的侵略，中东和地中海的冲突，英国脱欧/ AUKUS，北约内部的问题）的反应是增加国防投资，这反过来又引发了全球武器贸易量的增加。德国在世界武器出口国名单上排名第四。这些事态发展引发了过去几年对武器出口的国际监管：2014年，《武器贸易条约》生效。欧洲联盟委员会已采取若干步骤，将内部市场逻辑扩大到欧洲内部武器贸易。在发布若干指令之后，它还设立了欧洲国防基金，并设立了一个新的“国防工业和航天”总局。2017年，安全与防务领域的“永久结构性合作”（PESCO）成立，旨在建立武器生产的工业基地，以进一步加强欧洲对美国/北约的“战略自主权”。在法德条约中，两国都规定了武器出口的指导方针。最后，德国决定采取不同措施，使武器出口更加透明，更不易被滥用。尽管取得了所有这些进展，但历史学家、政治学家和法律的学者对武器出口领域的研究并不深入：在冷战期间，学术兴趣集中在核武器的控制上。1989年后，军备管制受到的关注不如国际关系和平民主化和宪法化以及欧洲一体化等更一般性问题。在这一背景下，该项目将在国际、欧洲和国家各级重建正在形成的多层次武器出口管制制度，以便能够解决更具体的问题：武器出口的政治和司法保障如何发挥作用？在德国的情况下，议会授权向国外派兵是必要的，而关于武器出口的决定是在秘密的执行委员会中做出的，这是否令人信服？对那些可能受到出口武器威胁的人是否有任何司法补救办法？法德合作对武器出口造成了哪些限制？该项目的目的是从国家、欧洲和国际法的角度以连贯一致的方式回答这些问题，并为这一法律领域的更民主和更好的司法控制的发展确定体制途径。