Personal pronouns and person clitics in Tabasaran: Toward a theory of Person

塔巴萨兰语中的人称代词和人称附着词：迈向人称理论

• 批准号: 503029971
• 负责人: Dr. Natalia Bogomolova, Ph.D.
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Sprachwissenschaft
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/503029971?language=en
• 关键词: Personal; pronouns; person; clitics; Tabasaran

The project has two major goals: an in-depth investigation of person in the grammar of Tabasaran (Nakh-Daghestanian) and using new empirical data from this understudied language in theoretical syntactic research in order to advance the theory of Person. The category of person in Tabasaran is manifested via two systems: free personal pronouns and an elaborate system of person clitics, which display a number of interesting properties. First, both subject and non-subject person arguments can be marked on the finite verb by a clitic. Clusters of a subject and a non-subject clitics are also possible. Second, person subjects of transitive and intransitive clauses and non-canonical subjects behave differently with respect to clitics. In root declarative clauses, canonical subjects are always clitic-doubled, while in clauses with non-canonical subjects both subject and non-subject can trigger a clitic on the verb. Third, allowing clitic clusters, Tabasaran demonstrates a phenomenon known as Person–Case Constraint, reminiscent of what is attested in Romance languages, with some important differences. Fourth, both pronouns and clitics exhibit indexical shift in speech reports, losing their indexical semantics and referring to the arguments of the matrix clause. The proposed project collects and analyzes a substantial body of new empirical data, challenging for syntactic theory, puts current approaches under scrutiny with regard to their ability to deal with those facts, and modifies them to the point of a better understanding how information about person is conveyed in human language.

该项目有两个主要目标：一是深入研究塔巴萨兰语（纳克-达吉斯坦语）语法中的人称，二是在理论句法研究中使用来自这种未充分研究的语言的新的经验数据，以推进人称理论。塔巴萨兰语中的人称范畴通过两个系统表现出来：自由人称代词和一个精心设计的人称附格系统，它们显示出许多有趣的特性。第一，主语和非主语人称论元都可以在限定动词上用附着词标记。一个主题和一个非主题的clitics集群也是可能的。第二，及物性和不及物性从句的人称主语和非规范主语在附着词上的表现是不同的。在根陈述句中，规范主语通常是附合的，而在非规范主语的从句中，主语和非主语都可以触发动词上的附合。第三，允许附着点集群，Tabasaran展示了一种被称为人称格约束的现象，让人想起罗曼语中的证明，但有一些重要的差异。第四，代词和附着词在转述语中均表现出索引移位，丧失了索引语义，并指向母题小句的论元。拟议的项目收集和分析了大量新的经验数据，对句法理论提出了挑战，对当前方法处理这些事实的能力进行了审查，并对其进行了修改，以更好地理解有关人的信息是如何在人类语言中传达的。