Forest Governance Performances of Regional Regimes. A Comprehensive Comperarative Analysis

全球化、国际化以及越来越多的跨界环境挑战，如气候变化和生物多样性，使政治行为者认识到森林政策的必要性超出了国内层面。这一点也反映在越来越多的关于国际森林制度的研究中。这项工作表明，国际制度是支离破碎的，有助于森林治理，但这样做的效果有限。虽然国际一级经常受到密切关注，但我们对涉及森林政策的区域制度的治理业绩知之甚少，尽管在区域一级共有76个不同的制度，欧洲联盟或刚果盆地森林伙伴关系就是突出的例子。鉴于国际森林制度的有效性是有限的，对不同的区域森林治理制度及其绩效的异同进行比较和全面的研究就显得尤为重要。通过采用比较方法，该项目有助于弥合我们对区域制度的认识差距。为此，本报告审查了区域制度中森林治理的三个方面的研究问题，即产出(文字)、结果(行动)和影响(影响)。这些问题是：区域制度在其产生的森林治理产出的类型和范围(一个区域制度的政策、决定、宣言等的数量)方面是否存在差异，以及如何解释观察到的差异？某些区域制度在森林治理成果(基于区域制度产出的活动)方面是否表现得更好？为什么？区域制度何时达到森林治理的高度影响(解决问题的能力)，以及如何

Globalization, internationalization and an increasing number of crossborder environmental challenges like climate change and biodiversityhave led political actors to recognize the need of forest policy beyondthe domestic level. This has also been mirrored in research with anincreasing number of studies on the international forest regime. Thisbody of work revealed that the international regime is fragmented andcontributes to forest governance, but does so only with limitedeffectiveness. While the international level is often under scrutiny, weknow less about the governance performances of regional regimesdealing with forest policy despite the fact that there are a total of 76different regimes on the regional level of which the European Union orthe Congo Basin Forest Partnership are prominent examples. Giventhat the international forest regime’s effectiveness is limited, thecomparative and comprehensive study of different regional forestgovernance regimes and their differences and similarities inperformance becomes all the more important. By adopting acomparative approach, this project contributes towards closing gapsin our knowledge about regional regimes. To this end, it examinesthree research questions on three dimensions of performance, output(words), outcome (deeds) and impact (effects), of forest governancein regional regimes. These are: Do regional regimes differ concerningthe type and extend of forest governance output they produce(number of policies, decisions, declarations etc. a regional regimepasses) and how can observed variation be explained? Do someregional regimes perform better concerning forest governanceoutcomes (activities based on regional regime output) and why?When do regional regimes reach a high impact of forest governance(problem-solving ability) and how