Patterns and dynamics of the potential environmental risks associated with agricultural pesticide use: Global Total Applied Toxicity (gTAT)

在以前的DFG资助的项目中，总应用毒性（达特）的概念已经在美国使用农业农药的数据。达特描述了农药使用数据，这些数据按照不同水生和陆生物种组的管制毒性阈值进行了毒性加权，并可用于显示随时间的变化等。达特作为一种综合措施似乎特别适合于在大的时空尺度上评估潜在的环境风险。在本项目中，应利用全球农药使用数据（涉及全球96%以上的作物种植面积; 655种农药活性成分）和大量物种群体（鱼类、水生无脊椎动物、水生植物、哺乳动物、传粉者、陆生植物）的毒性数据，来估算全球总总生物累积量。在第一步骤中，各种gTAT表示（即，空间×时间×物种组），而gTAT的农药和物种特征之间的相互作用将是重点。将多变量统计方法应用于大规模作物数据（源于42种主要作物的空间生产分配模型），将gTAT置于背景中，以更好地了解作物系统的影响（例如，作物和农药组成，收获面积）对不同生物gTAT估计值的影响。第三步，将根据蚯蚓和土壤节肢动物的农药毒性数据，估算土壤生物的总毒性转移时间，从而揭示这类生物的大规模环境风险状况，从农艺学和农业生态学角度来看，这是关键。将包括土壤有机碳、农药半衰期和koc等参数，以便更好地了解土壤生物的总转移能力估计值。将通过科学出版物沿着互动式在线格式向科学和社会提供多方面的项目成果。

Within a previous DFG-funded project, the concept of Total Applied Toxicity (TAT) has been developed using data for agricultural pesticides in the US. TAT describes pesticide use data that were toxicity-weighted by regulatory toxicity thresholds for different aquatic and terrestrial species groups and can be used, e.g. to display changes over time. The TAT as an integrative measure appears to be particularly suited for evaluations of the potential environmental risks at large spatio-temporal scales. In the present project, global TAT (gTAT) estimates should be developed using global pesticide use data (relevant to >96% of global crop acreage; 655 pesticide active ingredients) and toxicity data for a large number of species groups (fish, aquatic invertebrates, aquatic plants, mammals, pollinators, terrestrial plants). In a first step, a variety of gTAT representations (i.e., space × time × species groups) will be generated, following extensive input data validations, while the interplay between pesticide and species characteristics for the gTAT will be the focus. Applying multivariate statistical approaches to large scale crop data (stemming from the Spatial Production Allocation Model for 42 major crops), the gTAT will be contextualized to better understand the impact of the crop system (e.g., crop and pesticide composition, harvested area) on gTAT estimates for different organisms. In a third step, gTAT estimates will be developed for soil organisms, based on pesticide toxicity data for earthworms and soils arthropods shedding light on the large-scale environmental risk situation for this group of organisms, which is key from an agronomic and agro-ecological point of view. Parameters such as soil organic carbon, pesticide half-life and koc will be included to better understand gTAT estimations for soil organisms. The multi-dimensional project results will be made available to science and society via scientific publications along with interactive online formats.