Engineered inorganic nanoparticles transformed by environmental processes: Biological effects on aquatic invertebrates

通过环境过程转化的工程无机纳米颗粒：对水生无脊椎动物的生物效应

• 批准号: 200690656
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Ralf Schulz
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Institut für Umweltwissenschaften
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Units
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2010-12-31 至 2018-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/200690656?language=en
• 关键词: Engineered; inorganic; nanoparticles; transformed; environmental

During the first phase of INTERNANO, IMPACT uncovered that the initial particle size, surface coating, pH and the presence of DOC in the test medium trigger the effects of ion-releasing nanoparticles (NP) such as Ag NP. In contrast, pH seems to be of marginal importance for non-ion releasing nanoparticles, such as TiO2 NP. However, the crystalline structure of such nanoparticles determines their ecotoxicological potential, which is to some extent explainable by deviations in reactive surface area. Moreover, TiO2 NP alters the ecotoxicity of other environmental stressors, such as heavy metals (triggering). Finally, the magnitude of nanoparticle effects can be controlled by environmental factors, i.e. DOC (masking) and UV-irradiation (triggering). This indicates that nanoparticle effects are indeed driven by their initial composition, while environmental parameters may at least partly override the gradual difference among them.IMPACT will assess, based on the previous results, mechanisms of toxicity caused by nanoparticles following masking (different coating of NP) and catching (association of NP to surfaces such as organic materials with differing roughness) as well as due to triggering (in combination with UV-irradiation, heavy metals and organic chemicals). Based on the understanding during the first phase, IMPACT will also increase the ecological complexity of the experimental systems. Therefore, the focus will also include NP-related implications on ecosystem functions, uptake and trophic transfer along heterotrophic food chains. Both aspects will lead to a more comprehensive picture of the environmental concerns of NP and their underlying mechanisms. In detail, we suggest the following research questions:1. To which extent do masking, catching, dissolution as well as triggering of EINP affect the uptake, trophic transfer and the behavior of exposed macroinvertebrates?2. Are those effects reversible under environmental conditions typical for flood plain areas?3. Are masking, catching, dissolution and triggering of NPs affecting ecosystem functions?These hypotheses will be assessed by targeted laboratory studies allowing for well-defined environmental modifications and the assessment of ecologically relevant endpoints. IMPACT will benefit from MASK, which prepares nanoparticles with different masking, that also vary in their strength. Moreover MASK will characterize nanoparticles in water (e.g. DLS, NTA, HDC-UV-FDICP- MS and sp-HDC-ICP-MS) and test organisms (e.g. ETV-ICP-MS, ESEM-EDX) Raman (PORESURFACE) will be used to localize NP - mainly TiO2 NP - in the organisms. Moreover, IMPACT will contribute to the INTERNANO JOINT FLOODPLAIN EXPERIMENT and the BANK FILTRATION EXPERIMENT as well as coordinate the JOINT FOOD WEB & ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION EXPERIMENT.

在INTERNANO的第一阶段，IMPACT发现初始粒径、表面涂层、pH值和测试介质中DOC的存在触发了离子释放纳米颗粒（NP）（如Ag NP）的作用。相比之下，pH值似乎是非离子释放纳米粒子，如TiO 2 NP的边际重要性。然而，这种纳米颗粒的晶体结构决定了它们的生态毒理学潜力，这在一定程度上可以通过反应表面积的偏差来解释。此外，TiO 2 NP改变了其他环境胁迫因素的生态毒性，如重金属（触发）。最后，纳米颗粒效应的大小可以通过环境因素来控制，即DOC（掩蔽）和UV照射（触发）。这表明，纳米颗粒的效应确实是由其初始成分驱动的，而环境参数可能至少部分地覆盖了它们之间的逐渐差异。掩蔽后纳米颗粒引起的毒性机制（NP的不同涂层）和捕获（NP与表面如具有不同粗糙度的有机材料的结合）以及由于触发（与UV照射、重金属和有机化学品组合）。根据第一阶段的了解，IMPACT还将增加实验系统的生态复杂性。因此，重点也将包括NP相关的生态系统功能，吸收和营养转移沿着异养食物链的影响。这两个方面将导致更全面地了解NP的环境问题及其基本机制。具体而言，本文提出以下研究问题：1. EINP的掩蔽、捕获、溶解和触发在多大程度上影响了暴露的大型无脊椎动物的摄取、营养转移和行为？2.在洪泛区的典型环境条件下，这些影响是否可以逆转？3.纳米颗粒的掩蔽、捕获、溶解和触发是否会影响生态系统功能？这些假设将通过有针对性的实验室研究进行评估，以便明确界定环境变化和评估生态相关终点。IMPACT将受益于MASK，MASK制备具有不同掩蔽的纳米颗粒，其强度也不同。此外，MASK将表征水中的纳米颗粒（例如DLS、NTA、HDC-UV-FDICP- MS和sp-HDC-ICP-MS），测试生物体（例如ETV-ICP-MS、ESEM-EDX）拉曼（PORESURFACE）将用于定位生物体中的NP（主要是TiO 2 NP）。此外，IMPACT还将为INTERNANO联合洪泛平原实验和银行过滤实验做出贡献，并协调联合食物网和生态系统功能实验。