Objects processing in perception and action: From location and action coding to affordances

感知和行动中的对象处理：从位置和行动编码到可供性

• 批准号: 506402598
• 负责人: Dr. Antonio Pellicano
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl und Sektion Klinische Kognitionswissenschaften
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 德国
• 起止时间: 2021-12-31 至 2022-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/506402598?language=en
• 关键词: Objects; processing; perception; action; location

Objects are means by which humans relate to, modify and create their environment. Properties of single and paired objects provide cues to our perceptual and motor system that affect the efficiency of our performance. Spatial orientation of single objects is one of such cues: motor responses of left/right hands are typically faster and more accurate when they correspond to objects orientations (object-based Correspondence Effects-CEs). Two alternative accounts are proposed for this effect, based on the source of such spatial orientation. The location coding account states that object asymmetries, generated by protruding portions like handle or goal-directed sides (e.g. left or right), become salient to the observer and automatically activate generic motor responses of the corresponding hand. The affordance activation account instead states that objects activate appropriate manipulative actions of the hand aligned with the handle, whether visually salient or not. Recently, I formulated an action coding account specifically for CEs obtained with paired objects, since the location coding was insufficient to explain the observed effects. Thus, an action-direction code is formed for consistent object pairs (e.g. jug+cup), but is missing when object pairs share no relation at all (jug+ball). Consequently, CEs are only produced in the former case. My studies contributed to reduce the impact of the affordance activation through evidence supporting the location coding account. However, which process precisely governs our interaction with objects is still a matter of debate. In addition, my new action coding proposal calls for further investigation. My project foresees to test in parallel the current accounts of CEs and their underlying processes in three WPs: WP1, in two behavioral experiments, tackles the effects of action relations between accurately selected objects’ pictures, with and without the contribution of semantic relations. WP2, with one fMRI experiment, investigates the way action and semantic links between objects are processed in the brain and to what extent their activation patterns coincide or mismatch. To do so, innovative computational approaches (multivariate pattern, predictive pattern decomposition analyses) are combined. In WP3, five behavioral experiments are run including: real objects and their pictures (single and paired), distal and proximal responses (button press and grasp), reach-and-grasp responses with and without physical obstacles. Here, I will assess the effect of increasingly realistic contexts on the interaction with objects, and test the possibility that position-action coding gives the way to the affordance process. In sum, my project aims at finding exhaustive answers as to whether: the affordance activation account is still valid, net of conflicting evidence; the location-action coding account is likely to prevail; the processes coexist to some extent and a dividing line must be established.

物体是人类与环境联系、改变和创造环境的手段。单个和成对物体的属性为我们的感知和运动系统提供了线索，这些线索会影响我们的表现效率。单个物体的空间方向是这样的线索之一：左/右手的运动反应通常更快，更准确，当它们对应于对象的方向（基于对象的对应关系-CE）。两个替代帐户提出了这种效果，基于这种空间取向的来源。位置编码说明，由手柄或目标导向侧（例如左或右）等突出部分产生的物体不对称性对观察者来说变得突出，并自动激活相应手部的通用运动响应。相反，示能表示激活帐户指出，对象激活与手柄对齐的手的适当操纵动作，无论视觉上是否突出。最近，我制定了一个行动编码帐户专门为CE获得配对的对象，因为位置编码是不足以解释观察到的效果。因此，一个动作方向代码是为一致的对象对（例如水壶+杯子）形成的，但是当对象对没有任何关系时（水壶+球）就丢失了。因此，CE仅在前一种情况下产生。我的研究通过支持位置编码账户的证据，有助于减少启示激活的影响。然而，哪一个过程精确地控制着我们与物体的交互仍然是一个有争议的问题。此外，我的新行动编码建议需要进一步调查。我的项目预见到并行测试CE的当前帐户和他们的基本过程中的三个WP：WP 1，在两个行为实验中，处理准确选择的对象的图片之间的动作关系的影响，有和没有语义关系的贡献。WP 2通过一个功能磁共振成像实验，研究了物体之间的动作和语义联系在大脑中的处理方式，以及它们的激活模式在多大程度上一致或不一致。要做到这一点，创新的计算方法（多变量模式，预测模式分解分析）相结合。在WP 3中，进行了五个行为实验，包括：真实的物体及其图片（单个和成对），远端和近端反应（按钮按压和抓握），有和没有物理障碍物的达到和抓握反应。在这里，我将评估越来越现实的环境对与物体的交互的影响，并测试位置-动作编码为启示过程提供途径的可能性。总之，我的项目旨在找到详尽的答案，是否：启示激活帐户仍然有效，净相互矛盾的证据;位置动作编码帐户可能会占上风;过程在某种程度上共存，必须建立一条分界线。