The West Portals of Notre-Dame in Paris

巴黎圣母院西大门

• 批准号: 508402959
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Stephan Albrecht
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: Lehrstuhl für Kunstgeschichte, insb. für Mittelalterliche Kunstgeschichte
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Research Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/508402959?language=en
• 关键词: West; Portals; Notre; Dame; Paris

The West Portals of Notre-Dame in ParisThe research project focuses on the west façade of Notre-Dame in Paris with its complex three-portal system. Unlike any other French Gothic building, the portals are so consistently integrated into an overarching order that fuses the facade into a single unit. At the same time, on close inspection, the differences between the individual portals are unusually great. Each portal differs in its combination of architecture and sculpture, proportion, formal conception, technical construction, and, finally, figural style. Even the design of the pedestal zones is solved differently in all three portals. Unity and diversity of artistic solutions go hand in hand on the Paris west facade.While the unity of the façade has always been emphasized by researchers as a special quality, the diversity appeared to be a problem. It was explained by reasons of architectural history: rapid successive changes of plan and altered stylistic ideas would ultimately have led unintentionally to a non-uniform, asymmetrical juxtaposition. This assessment may be the reason why, although individual studies exist on each portal, the context has rarely been investigated.Contrary to research opinion, the project assumes that the facade was executed in parallel by three different sculptor's studios without major modifications according to a uniform basic design. An exact measurement of the portal zone, which will be made in the course of the investigation, serves as a basis for argumentation. These plans allow conclusions to be drawn about the drafts and the practical execution of the facade. Absolute measurements play a special role in the question of the design: the radii of the archivolts, the angles of the portal bays, the width and the proportions of the portals. Is there a common basic dimension? Are the geometries of the portals coordinated? At the same time, it will have to be clarified to what extent the facade is oriented according to the specifications of the nave. The study of the construction will then work out how the design was transferred to the cutting of the individual stone blocks. How were the requirements of figurative sculpture reconciled with the geometric conception? To what extent does the iconography determine the dimension of the stone blocks? Is there a relationship between stone format and content?The west façade of the Paris Cathedral remained undamaged in the fire, but cleaning is necessary in the course of reconstruction. In this context, all parts of the facades, inside and out, will be freely accessible from the fall of 2022. This offers a unique historical opportunity for an investigation close to the object. Results can be expected that will be fundamental not only for the understanding of Notre-Dame, but also for the portal in the Middle Ages.

巴黎圣母院的西门该研究项目的重点是巴黎圣母院的西立面及其复杂的三门系统。与任何其他法国哥特式建筑不同，这些门户始终整合到一个总体秩序中，将立面融合成一个单元。同时，仔细观察，各个门户之间的差异却异常之大。每个门户的建筑和雕塑的组合、比例、形式概念、技术构造以及最后的人物风格都各不相同。甚至基座区域的设计在这三个门户中也以不同的方式解决。巴黎西立面的艺术解决方案的统一性和多样性齐头并进。虽然研究人员一直强调立面的统一性作为一种特殊品质，但多样性似乎是一个问题。这是用建筑历史的原因来解释的：计划的快速连续变化和风格理念的改变最终会无意中导致不均匀、不对称的并置。这种评估可能是为什么尽管每个门户都存在单独的研究，但很少对背景进行调查的原因。与研究观点相反，该项目假设立面是由三个不同的雕塑家工作室并行执行的，没有根据统一的基本设计进行重大修改。在调查过程中对入口区域进行精确测量，作为论证的基础。这些计划可以让我们对立面的草案和实际执行情况得出结论。绝对测量在设计问题中发挥着特殊作用：拱门的半径、门湾的角度、门的宽度和比例。有没有共同的基本维度？门户的几何形状是否协调？同时，还必须根据中殿的规格明确立面的朝向。然后，对建筑的研究将弄清楚如何将设计转移到单个石块的切割上。具象雕塑的要求如何与几何概念相协调？图像在多大程度上决定了石块的尺寸？石材的形式和内容之间有关系吗？巴黎大教堂的西立面在火灾中并未受损，但在重建过程中需要进行清洁。在此背景下，从 2022 年秋季开始，立面的所有部分，无论是内部还是外部，都将可以自由进入。这为近距离调查提供了独特的历史机会。可以预期，结果不仅对于理解巴黎圣母院，而且对于中世纪的门户也至关重要。