Empathy and Disruption. Practices, Poetics and Traditions of the Literary Treatment of Right-Wing Violence in German Democracy

虽然纳粹罪行和左派英国皇家空军恐怖已经成为文学的重要话题，但民主主义中的右翼恐怖似乎仍然是文学和文学研究的盲点。该项目探讨了其中的原因，并考察了文学是如何处理、批评、否认甚至捍卫右翼暴力的。方法论的重点在于移情和破坏的概念。该项目以两个直接相关的调查领域为中心：来自主流文化的文学以及来自后移民视角的文学。在主流文化的文学作品中，右翼暴力威胁的非白人和移民受害者几乎没有被代表，也很少被听到。一个核心原因是，他们的经历挑战了“被征服”的纳粹过去的主流叙事。一方面，该项目考察了文学“主流”的表现模式，这既有助于否认同情，也有助于与受影响的人站在一起，但也与肇事者站在一起。因此，它的目的是让人们看到右翼暴力可以被谈论/写作的条件。此外，它还质疑著名作家在右翼文化斗争中所扮演的角色。另一方面，该项目侧重于文学在多大程度上可以作为受影响群体自我赋权的有影响力的媒介，通过以抵抗和破坏性的方式描述政治上有争议的话题。该项目假定右翼的暴力行为应被理解为对民主本身的犯罪。因此，承认那些直接受到这一“信息”影响的人，并记住他们的痛苦，似乎是多元社会凝聚力的组成部分。在这种背景下，文学作为一种社会自我观察和多样化记忆话语的话语媒介，能够开辟新的和创新的视角，有助于超越限制性的社会信仰。与此同时，文学能够引导读者的同理心，使他们能够接受其他观点，并通过破坏它们来破坏规范和边界。它既可以有效地承认多样性，也可以人为地阻止多样性。其目的是揭开有关民主中右翼暴力的文献档案。在这个过程中，传统的界限将变得清晰，并使话题的“沟通沉默”以及对它的反叛变得切实。重点是1980年以来，不同的示范倾向、审美策略和创作模式显现出来。文学在认知话语中的这些潜力将被历史地、系统地发展。结果也将传达给未来与该主题的教学参与。最后，该项目旨在促进对破坏的文学研究，将移情作为分析工具，并将“后移民”作为文学研究的一个类别。

While Nazi crimes and leftist RAF terror have become important topics in literature, right-wing terror in democracy, however, still seems to be a blind spot in literature and literary studies. The project explores the reasons for this and examines how literature addresses, criticizes, denies or even defends right-wing violence. The methodological focus lies on the concepts of empathy and disruption. The project centers on two areas of investigation that are directly related: literature from the dominant-cultural as well as from the post-migrant perspective. In the literature of the dominant culture, non-white and migrant victims of the right-wing threat of violence are hardly represented and rarely heard. A central reason is that their experiences challenge the master narrative of an 'overcome' Nazi past. On the one hand, the project examines modes of representation of the literary 'mainstream', which can contribute to both the denial of empathy and to taking sides with those affected, but also with the perpetrators. It thus aims to make visible the conditions under which right-wing violence can be talked/written about. Moreover, it questions the role that renowned authors play within right-wing cultural struggles. On the other hand, the project focuses on the extent to which literature can serve as an influential medium of self-empowerment for affected groups by describing politically controversial topics in a resistant and disruptive way. The project assumes that the right-wing acts of violence are to be understood as crimes against democracy itself. Therefore, the recognition of those directly affected by this 'message' and the remembrance of their suffering seems constitutive for the cohesion of a plural society. In this context, literature as a discursive medium of social self-observation and diverse memory discourses is capable of opening up new and innovative perspectives that can help transcend restrictive social beliefs. At the same time, literature is able to guide the empathy of readers, to enable them to adopt other points of view and to undermine norms and borders by disrupting them. It can contribute to both, productively acknowledging diversity or manipulatively preventing it. The aim is to uncover archives of writing about right-wing violence in democracy. In the process, lines of tradition will become clear and make the ‘communicative silencing’ of the topic as well as the rebellion against it tangible. The focus lies on the period since 1980, in which different exemplary tendencies, aesthetic strategies and modes of authorship become apparent. These potentials of literature in the discourse of recognition are to be historically and systematically developed. The results are also to be conveyed for a future didactic engagement with the topic. Finally, the project aims to contribute to the literary research on disruption, to use empathy as an analytical instrument and to establish ‘postmigrant’ as a category for literary research.