Local pathways to the Fluvial Anthroposphere at Echaz (Rhine) and Eger (Danube). A comparative analysis from c. AD 1100 to 1800

我们的项目旨在探索中世纪和工业化前现代时期当地通往河流人类圈的路径的演变以及潜在的社会生态过程。它将提供河流社会和洪泛平原的综合多学科描述，从一些相互关联的主题领域结合考古学，地球科学和历史的角度进行分析。为了从总体趋势中区分局部例外，我们将对德国南部两条可比较的三级喀斯特河流的洪泛平原——埃查兹河（莱茵河）和埃格尔河（多瑙河）及其支流进行系统比较，这两条河流现在是不同的河流人类圈。从公元1100年到1800年，城市代理人、贵族、修道院社区和公社用各自的地方道路从根本上重构了这两个洪泛平原。我们将重点关注六个主题目标和关键假设：首先，我们将分析水电开发。我们假设特定的地方年表和分布强度导致了个体路径依赖和对洪泛平原和河流社会的影响，这些影响具有几个形成阶段。第二，我们将重建城市工艺和废物处理对洪泛平原污染的影响。我们假设城镇是工业化前的主要污染源，其下游污染足迹在13至15世纪期间显著增加。第三，我们将重构渠道工程的演变。我们假设水电设施、城市水资源管理和洪泛区土地利用产生了一种独特的人工河道空间格局，特别是在13 -14世纪的形成阶段。四是加强河漫滩土地利用改造。我们假设，从12 -13世纪开始，广泛放牧的湿草甸转变为有管理的水草甸和排水田，具有不同的时空模式和相关的局部效应。第五，重建人类活动对水生动物的影响。我们假设河道工程、水电开发、渔业和水污染对水生生物多样性产生了重大影响，这种影响、其个体空间格局和社会后果可以通过13 -14世纪以来的各种档案来检测。第六，我们将分析不同河流主体之间的权利和冲突。我们假设个人的兴趣导致了当地通往河流人类圈的道路，13 -14世纪是一个特别的形成阶段。我们将运用多学科方法，整合我们的关键假设的评估，阐明从公元1100年到1800年出现的河流人类圈的具体时间和空间模式。这将基于新的人为影响指数和复杂的时空模拟，以保证可转移和可扩展的结果。

Our project aims to explore the evolution of local pathways to the Fluvial Anthroposphere and the underlying socio-ecological processes during the medieval and pre-industrial modern periods. It will provide a comprehensive multidisciplinary description of fluvial societies and floodplains analysed from the perspectives of a number of interconnected thematic fields combining archaeology, geosciences and history. In order to distinguish local exceptions from general trends, the floodplains of two comparable third order karst rivers in southern Germany, the Echaz (Rhine) and the Eger (Danube) with their tributaries, which nowadays are distinct Fluvial Anthropospheres, will be systematically compared. From c. AD 1100 to 1800, urban agents, the nobility, monastic communities and communes radically restructured both floodplains with individual local pathways. We will focus on six thematic objectives and key hypotheses: First, we will analyse hydropower exploitation. We hypothesise that specific local chronologies and distribution intensities led to individual path dependencies and impacts on floodplains and fluvial societies with several formative phases. Second, we will reconstruct the impact of urban craft and waste disposal on floodplain pollution. We hypothesise that towns are the main pre-industrial contaminators with a specific downstream pollution footprint that increased significantly over the course of the 13th to 15th century. Third, we will reconstruct the evolution of channel engineering. We hypothesise that hydropower facilities, urban water management and floodplain land use produced a distinct spatial pattern of artificial channels, with a particularly formative phase during the 13th-14th centuries. Fourth, we will reconstruct floodplain land use. We hypothesise that from the 12th-13th centuries extensively grazed wet meadows were transformed into managed water meadows and drained fields, with distinct chrono-spatial patterns and associated local effects. Fifth, we will reconstruct the human impacts on aquatic fauna. We hypothesise that channel engineering, hydropower exploitation, fishing and water pollution had a significant impact on aquatic biodiversity and that this impact, its individual spatial pattern and social consequences can be detected through various archives from the 13th-14th century onwards. Sixth, we will analyse the rights of and conflicts between different fluvial agents. We hypothesise that individual interests led to local pathways towards the Fluvial Anthroposphere, with the 13th-14th centuries being a particularly formative phase. Using a multidisciplinary approach and integrating the evaluation of our key hypotheses, we will elucidate the specific chronological and spatial patterns of the emerging Fluvial Anthroposphere from c. AD 1100 to 1800. This will be based on new indices of anthropogenic impacts and sophisticated spatiotemporal modelling to guarantee transferable and scalable results.