Local pathways to the Fluvial Anthroposphere at Echaz (Rhine) and Eger (Danube). A comparative analysis from c. AD 1100 to 1800

我们的项目旨在探索通往河流人类圈的地方路径的演变，以及中世纪和工业化前的现代时期潜在的社会生态过程。它将从考古学、地球科学和历史相结合的若干相互关联的主题领域的角度对河流社会和洪泛平原进行全面的多学科描述。为了区分局部例外和一般趋势，将对德国南部两条可比的三级喀斯特河流--埃查兹河(莱茵河)和埃格尔河(多瑙河)及其支流的泛滥平原进行系统比较，这两条河流如今是截然不同的河流人类圈。从公元1100年到1800年，城市代理人、贵族、僧侣社区和公社用单独的当地道路从根本上重组了这两个泛滥平原。我们将重点围绕六个主题目标和关键假设：一是水电开发分析。我们假设，特定的地方年表和分布强度导致了个体路径依赖和对洪泛平原和河流社会的影响，包括几个形成阶段。二是重建城市工艺垃圾处置对滩地污染的影响。我们假设，城镇是主要的前工业污染源，其下游污染足迹在13至15世纪期间显著增加。三是重构航道工程的演进历程。我们假设，水电设施、城市水管理和滩涂土地利用产生了一种独特的人工渠道空间格局，在13-14世纪有一个特别的形成阶段。四是重建滩涂用地。我们假设，从12世纪到13世纪，广泛放牧的湿草甸被改造成有管理的水域草甸和排水田地，具有明显的时间-空间模式和相关的局部效应。五是重建人类活动对水生动物的影响。我们假设，航道工程、水电开发、捕鱼和水污染对水生生物多样性产生了重大影响，这种影响、其个别空间格局和社会后果可以通过13-14世纪以来的各种档案进行检测。第六，分析不同河流主体之间的权利和冲突。我们假设，个人的兴趣导致了通往河流人类圈的局部路径，13-14世纪是一个特别的形成阶段。我们将使用多学科的方法并结合我们的关键假说的评估，阐明从公元1100年到1800年期间新出现的河流人类圈的具体时间和空间模式。这将以新的人为影响指数和复杂的时空模型为基础，以确保成果可转移和可扩展。

Our project aims to explore the evolution of local pathways to the Fluvial Anthroposphere and the underlying socio-ecological processes during the medieval and pre-industrial modern periods. It will provide a comprehensive multidisciplinary description of fluvial societies and floodplains analysed from the perspectives of a number of interconnected thematic fields combining archaeology, geosciences and history. In order to distinguish local exceptions from general trends, the floodplains of two comparable third order karst rivers in southern Germany, the Echaz (Rhine) and the Eger (Danube) with their tributaries, which nowadays are distinct Fluvial Anthropospheres, will be systematically compared. From c. AD 1100 to 1800, urban agents, the nobility, monastic communities and communes radically restructured both floodplains with individual local pathways. We will focus on six thematic objectives and key hypotheses: First, we will analyse hydropower exploitation. We hypothesise that specific local chronologies and distribution intensities led to individual path dependencies and impacts on floodplains and fluvial societies with several formative phases. Second, we will reconstruct the impact of urban craft and waste disposal on floodplain pollution. We hypothesise that towns are the main pre-industrial contaminators with a specific downstream pollution footprint that increased significantly over the course of the 13th to 15th century. Third, we will reconstruct the evolution of channel engineering. We hypothesise that hydropower facilities, urban water management and floodplain land use produced a distinct spatial pattern of artificial channels, with a particularly formative phase during the 13th-14th centuries. Fourth, we will reconstruct floodplain land use. We hypothesise that from the 12th-13th centuries extensively grazed wet meadows were transformed into managed water meadows and drained fields, with distinct chrono-spatial patterns and associated local effects. Fifth, we will reconstruct the human impacts on aquatic fauna. We hypothesise that channel engineering, hydropower exploitation, fishing and water pollution had a significant impact on aquatic biodiversity and that this impact, its individual spatial pattern and social consequences can be detected through various archives from the 13th-14th century onwards. Sixth, we will analyse the rights of and conflicts between different fluvial agents. We hypothesise that individual interests led to local pathways towards the Fluvial Anthroposphere, with the 13th-14th centuries being a particularly formative phase. Using a multidisciplinary approach and integrating the evaluation of our key hypotheses, we will elucidate the specific chronological and spatial patterns of the emerging Fluvial Anthroposphere from c. AD 1100 to 1800. This will be based on new indices of anthropogenic impacts and sophisticated spatiotemporal modelling to guarantee transferable and scalable results.