Studies on the permafrost occurrence related to the past climatic changes in Antarctic regions

作者在南极马里比奥岛进行了与末次冰期和当前气候条件下的永久冻土赋存有关的联合实地考察，用各种要素测量了当地的气候条件，根据测量数据将典型的气候条件定义为极地荒漠气候。Cesius的年平均气温估计为零下9.5度。通过地震测深和地面电阻率的测量，估算出多年冻土表的冻土深度。冻土深度上层(台地+200m)128m，中层(亚台地+60m)44m，最低(Larsen+5m)28m。上层活动层深度估计为80 cm或更小，观察到冰楔形成，测量并绘制了冻土带-多边形图。用破岩机对冰楔的剖面进行了检测。对来自冰楔的冰进行了化学分析，报道了冰中含有很高浓度的盐。分析了马拉比奥岛多年冻土的成因和赋存状态，并讨论了末次冰期气候变化的影响。岛上不同地点的长期实地测量仍在进行中。

Present authors conducted the joint field expedition in Marambio island, Antarctica related to the peramfrost occurrence during last glaciation and under present climatic condition.The local weather conditions were measured by various elements and typical climatic condition was defined as polar desert climate based upon measured data. The mean annual temperature is estimated as -9.5 degrees in Cesius. Permafrost depths defined as permafrost table were estimated by the seismic sounding and the measurements of electrical resistivility of the grounds on the surface of the permafrost ground.General topography is characterized as marine terraces in different levels. The depths of permafrost are 128m deep at the upper level (Meseta +200m), 44m deep at middle level (Sub-Meseta +60m) and 28m deep at lowest level (Larsen +5m). The active layer depth is estimated as 80cm or less at the upper level.Ice-wedge formations are observed and the patterns of tundra-polygons were measured and plotted on the topographic maps. The profiles of ice-wedge were examined by means of rock breakers. The chemical analysis of the ice from ice-wedge were conducted and very high concentrations of salts into ice were reported.The genesis and occurrences of permafrost in Marambio island are under analysis and effects of climatic changes during last glaciation is discussed by present authors. Long term field measurements are still undergoing on-the-spot at various locations in the island.