Studies on the permafrost occurrence related to the past climatic changes in Antarctic regions

本文对末次冰期和当前气候条件下的南极马兰姆比奥岛冻土发生情况进行了联合野外考察。利用各种要素测量了局地气候条件，根据实测资料将典型气候条件定义为极地荒漠气候。Cesius的年平均气温估计为-9.5度。永冻层深度定义为永冻层深度，通过地震测深和永冻层表面土壤电阻率测量来估算。总体地形以不同层次的海相阶地为特征。上层（Meseta +200m） 128m，中层（Sub-Meseta +60m） 44m，下层（Larsen +5m） 28m。上层活动层深度估计为80cm或更少。观察了冰楔形成，测量了冻土带多边形的图案，并在地形图上绘制。用破碎机对冰楔的剖面进行了检测。对冰楔中的冰进行了化学分析，发现冰中含有高浓度的盐。本文分析了马拉比奥岛永久冻土带的成因和成因，讨论了末次冰期气候变化的影响。长期的实地测量仍在岛上各个地点进行。

Present authors conducted the joint field expedition in Marambio island, Antarctica related to the peramfrost occurrence during last glaciation and under present climatic condition.The local weather conditions were measured by various elements and typical climatic condition was defined as polar desert climate based upon measured data. The mean annual temperature is estimated as -9.5 degrees in Cesius. Permafrost depths defined as permafrost table were estimated by the seismic sounding and the measurements of electrical resistivility of the grounds on the surface of the permafrost ground.General topography is characterized as marine terraces in different levels. The depths of permafrost are 128m deep at the upper level (Meseta +200m), 44m deep at middle level (Sub-Meseta +60m) and 28m deep at lowest level (Larsen +5m). The active layer depth is estimated as 80cm or less at the upper level.Ice-wedge formations are observed and the patterns of tundra-polygons were measured and plotted on the topographic maps. The profiles of ice-wedge were examined by means of rock breakers. The chemical analysis of the ice from ice-wedge were conducted and very high concentrations of salts into ice were reported.The genesis and occurrences of permafrost in Marambio island are under analysis and effects of climatic changes during last glaciation is discussed by present authors. Long term field measurements are still undergoing on-the-spot at various locations in the island.