Climate Change Response of Siberian Permafrost Studies on Effects to Cryosphere-Biosphere

东西伯利亚多年冻土对气候变化的主动和被动响应。永久冻土中的湖尺度地面冰被称为伊多玛，其中含有高度浓缩的甲烷。在融化过程中，甲烷往往会排放到大气中，从而导致未来的变暖。根据冰层分析和碳测年，对伊多玛的成因进行了探讨。结果表明，EDOMA在40,000yBP-23000 yBP之间积累，在末期寒干和暖湿交替的环境下，EDOMA的积累过程为同生冰楔发育，估算的EDOMA解冻甲烷通量为10~9g/年，苔原环境是夏季厌氧条件下甲烷排放的理想来源。对低地Kolmer河甲烷通量进行了现场测量。在此基础上，得到了符合…函数关系的经验公式日通量与度-厘米因子之间的关系较大，称为活动层厚度与平均地温的乘积。控制通量的其他因素是地下水的化学成分和湿地覆盖的植被类型。利用花粉分析对生物环境进行了古环境重建。并与北海道的植物种类进行了比较。有许多常见物种被发现，表明冻土带环境中有高度发达的植物群落。物种分布的广泛性可能是由于上一次冰期东西伯利亚冰盖未被覆盖所致。根据果蝇的地理分布，对小动物的冷适应进行了分类。泰加森林火灾被评估为二氧化碳排放导致气候变暖的原因之一。通过测量雅库茨克附近的太加森林的光合作用速率，估算了太加森林的总碳生产量。较少

Eastern Siberian Permafrost responses to the climate change actively as well as passively. The lareg scale ground ice in permafrost termed as Edoma locally contains highly concentrated Methane in it. In the process of thawin, Methane tends so emit to atmosphere resulting the future warming. The Genesis of Edoma was investigated based upon the ice analyzes and carbon dating. The results suggest that Edoma accumulated during the Karginsky Interstadial noted as between 40,000 yBP-23000 yBP.The process of accumulation is as syngenetic ice-wedge development under the environment of alternation of cold-dry and warm-humid periods during last Interstadial.Estimated flux of Methane from thawing Edoma is a magnitude of 10^9 g/year.Tundra environment is ideal source of Methane flux under anaerobic condition during summer time. On-the-spot measurements of Methane flux was made in lowland Kolymer River. Based upon the results, an empirical equation was yielded indicating the functional relation bet … More ween daily flux and degree-cm factors, which is termed as the production of the active layr thickness and the mean ground temperature. The other factors controlled the flux are the chemical composition of ground water and type of vegetation covered the wetland.Biological environment was also conducted as to reconstruct paleo-environment using Pollen analysis. The variety of species of plant was compared with those of Hokkaido. There are many common species were found indicating highly developed plan community over tundra environment. The wide distribution plan species may be resulted in the noncoverage of ice sheet in eastern Siberia during last Glacial Period.new species of Drosophilae were reported by biological group. The cold adaptation of small animals were categorized based upon the geographical distribution of Drosophilae.The forest fire of Taiga was evaluated as the one of the cause of warming due to the Carbon Dioxycide emission. Total carbon production of Taiga forest was estimated using the measurement of photosynsesis rate at the sites in Taiga near Yakutsk. Less