Climate Change Response of Siberian Permafrost Studies on Effects to Cryosphere-Biosphere

东西伯利亚多年冻土对气候变化的响应既有主动的，也有被动的。多年冻土中的大规模地面冰（简称冰）局部含有高浓度的甲烷，在融化过程中，甲烷有向大气排放的趋势，导致未来气候变暖。根据冰的分析和碳测年，研究了埃克塞特的成因。结果表明，在Karginsky Interstadial期间积累的E2在40，在末次冰间冰期冷干期和暖湿期交替的环境下，成藏过程为同生冰楔发育过程，估算了冰碛物融化产生的甲烷通量为10^9 g/m3。在夏季厌氧条件下，苔原环境是甲烷通量的理想来源。在低地Kolymer河进行了甲烷通量的现场测量。在此基础上，提出了一个经验方程， 关于我们 在日通量和度cm因子之间，称为活动层厚度和平均地温的乘积。此外，地下水的化学成分和植被类型也是影响通量的主要因素，同时，通过孢粉分析对生物环境进行了研究，以重建古环境。植物种类的多样性与北海道进行了比较。结果表明，在冻土带环境中，植物群落具有较高的发育水平。这种广泛的分布格局可能是由于末次冰期东西伯利亚冰盖的不覆盖Period.new生物组报道了果蝇的种类。根据果蝇的地理分布对小动物的冷适应进行了分类，认为泰加森林大火是由于二氧化碳排放导致气候变暖的原因之一。利用雅库茨克附近针叶林光合速率的测定，估算了针叶林的总碳生产量。少

Eastern Siberian Permafrost responses to the climate change actively as well as passively. The lareg scale ground ice in permafrost termed as Edoma locally contains highly concentrated Methane in it. In the process of thawin, Methane tends so emit to atmosphere resulting the future warming. The Genesis of Edoma was investigated based upon the ice analyzes and carbon dating. The results suggest that Edoma accumulated during the Karginsky Interstadial noted as between 40,000 yBP-23000 yBP.The process of accumulation is as syngenetic ice-wedge development under the environment of alternation of cold-dry and warm-humid periods during last Interstadial.Estimated flux of Methane from thawing Edoma is a magnitude of 10^9 g/year.Tundra environment is ideal source of Methane flux under anaerobic condition during summer time. On-the-spot measurements of Methane flux was made in lowland Kolymer River. Based upon the results, an empirical equation was yielded indicating the functional relation bet … More ween daily flux and degree-cm factors, which is termed as the production of the active layr thickness and the mean ground temperature. The other factors controlled the flux are the chemical composition of ground water and type of vegetation covered the wetland.Biological environment was also conducted as to reconstruct paleo-environment using Pollen analysis. The variety of species of plant was compared with those of Hokkaido. There are many common species were found indicating highly developed plan community over tundra environment. The wide distribution plan species may be resulted in the noncoverage of ice sheet in eastern Siberia during last Glacial Period.new species of Drosophilae were reported by biological group. The cold adaptation of small animals were categorized based upon the geographical distribution of Drosophilae.The forest fire of Taiga was evaluated as the one of the cause of warming due to the Carbon Dioxycide emission. Total carbon production of Taiga forest was estimated using the measurement of photosynsesis rate at the sites in Taiga near Yakutsk. Less