Development of Agriculture and Rural Settlements in the Drought Prone Areas of West India

地理研究项目组得出以下结论。所有的第一手数据和信息已经完全计算机化，以便作为主要的数据库系统使用。这包括有关家庭组成、职业的统计数据。土地持有和牲畜饲养。阿巴内里村周围分布着桑迪红黄色土壤，土壤物理条件较好。如果灌溉系统得到改善，农业生产率应该会大大提高。然而，问题是地下水位下降。这个问题是在引入新的电动机或柴油机抽水灌溉系统后才出现的。目前迫切需要制定合理的灌溉方案和水资源管理控制系统.一些上层阶级的农民带头通过打井灌溉提高农业生产率。然而，剩下的边缘农民，依赖于雨水灌溉的农业。Gujar是农业生产中新兴的jati，通过重新安排灌溉农田和机械化耕作系统，加强土地利用，提高了他们的社会经济地位。畜牧业作为该村主要靠雨水灌溉的不稳定农业的补充部门发挥着重要作用。近年来，奶牛的数量一直在增加，特别是自20世纪70年代以来。然而，这些牧场的承载能力极低。由于小农被迫采集野草，迫切需要一些政策来确保充足的草和防止土壤侵蚀。阿巴内里村被认为是婆罗门占主导地位的农村社区。许多户主在村外打工。他们在离村子6公里远的当地集镇找到了工作。他们中的一些人迁移到邦首府斋浦尔，甚至到德里，以确保额外的收入。越来越多的低种姓村民倾向于迁移到村外。

The geographical research project team have come to the following conclusion.1. All the first hand data and informations have been completely computerized so as to utilize as primary database system. This includes, statistical data concerning family composition, occupation. Land-holding and livestock rearing.2. Sandy red-yellowish soil, which has good physical condition, is distributed all around abhaneri village. If irrigation system is improved, agricultural productivity should be much increased. However, problem is lowering of groundwater level. This problem occurred just after the introducing of new pumping up irrigation system by electric motor or diesel engine. What is urgently needed is to figure out appropriate irrigation scheme and water resource management control system.3. Some upper class farmers lead in leveling up the agricultural productivities by well irrigation. However remaining marginal farmer, depends on rain-fed farming. Gujar, the emerging jati in agricultural productions, is improving their socio-economic status through the intensified land use by rearranging irrigation farm lands, together with mechanized farming system.4. Livestock rearing plays important role as a complementary sector for predominantly unstable rain-fed farming in this village. Milch cow has been recently increasing especially since 1970's. However, carrying capacity of these grazing pastures are extremely low. As small farmers are forced to collect wild grasses, some policy are urgently needed for securing ample grasses and prevention of soil erosion.5. Abhaneri village is considered to be Brahmin-dominated rural community. Many householders are working outside the village. They find their job in the local market town, 6Km away from the village. Some of them migrate to state capital Jaipur, and even to Delhi to secure additional incomes. Increasing number of lower caste villagers have tend to migrate outside the village.