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Development of Agriculture and Rural Settlements in the Drought Prone Areas, India

印度干旱易发地区的农业和农村住区发展

基本信息

批准号：
01041064
负责人：
FUJIWARA Kenzo
金额：
$ 15.36万
依托单位：
Hiroshima University
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for international Scientific Research
财政年份：
1989
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1989 至 1991
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-01041064/
关键词：
Drought-prone areas Settlement changes Irrigation Rural community Sheduled caste and tribes Effectiveness of development policy Commercial crops Human ecosystems

项目摘要

The objectives of the research is to make a better understanding on the Indian agricultural and rural system, particularly in connection with natural environments in the developing agricultural regions under the Drought Prone Area Program and canal irrigation project in the central India.The research project was conducted from 1989 to 1991 in Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra state. Main emphasis of research method was laid on intensive village survey. 6 sample villages were selected from the viewpoint of the development stage and socio-cultural diversity.The result of geographical research works was published under the title of "Recent changes of agriculture and rural settlements in drought prone areas in India". The conclusion is as follows ;(1) As developmental policy measures have frequently tended to be changed by political climate of central government, authorities could not follow its socio-political significance and consequences.(2) Government loans and financial schemes have been sanctioned on a basis of self-innovative efforts of villagers, however infrastructure of village economy have not still been fully fledged enough to put spurt on repercussive development processes.(3) Most villagers have been becoming very sensitive to economic situations and much more marketoriented than ever before. On the other hand, they have tended to get into debt on a alarming level.(4) As most farmers are now improving their socio-economic status, time-honored traditional social organization are becoming gradually disintegrated in recent years.(5) As villagers in less-developed areas, sharing severe environmental conditions compete with each others to utilize land and water resources, devastation and overexploitation is now rapidly under way.

该研究的目的是更好地了解印度农业和农村系统，特别是与印度中部干旱地区计划和运河灌溉项目下的发展中农业地区的自然环境有关。该研究项目于1989年至1991年在中央邦和马哈拉施特拉邦进行。研究方法主要侧重于深入的村庄调查。从发展阶段和社会文化多样性的角度选取了6个样本村庄。地理研究工作的成果以《印度干旱地区农业和农村住区的最新变化》为题发表。结论如下：（1）由于发展政策措施经常受到中央政府政治气候的影响，当局无法把握其社会政治意义和后果。（2）政府贷款和金融计划是在村民自主创新努力的基础上批准的，但村庄经济基础设施还不够完善，不足以推动发展进程。（3）大多数村民对经济形势变得非常敏感，并且比以往任何时候都更加以市场为导向。另一方面，他们的债务负担也达到了惊人的程度。（4）随着大多数农民的社会经济地位不断提高，历史悠久的传统社会组织近年来逐渐瓦解。（5）由于欠发达地区的村民，共同的恶劣环境条件，相互竞争利用土地和水资源，破坏和过度开发正在迅速发生。