Archaeological lnvestigations in Antioch on the· Orontes 1 Ancient and medieval fortification systems

安条克奥龙特斯考古调查 1 古代和中世纪的防御系统

• 批准号: 513572728
• 负责人: Professor Dr. Gunnar Brands
• 金额: --
• 依托单位国家: 德国
• 项目类别: Publication Grants
• 资助国家: 德国
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gepris.dfg.de/gepris/projekt/513572728?language=en
• 关键词: Archaeological; lnvestigations; Antioch; Orontes; Ancient

Hardly any of the nurnerous ancient and medieval written sources fails to mention Antioch's fortification systems. The imposing layout of the walls running over two mountain massifs (Mts. Silpios and Staurin) and along the Orontes River was considered as casually as the authors often report about them, a guarantee for the existence of the metropolis. In fact, far beyond the end of the ancient city the fortifications remained authoritative for Islamic, Byzantine and Crusader Antioch and continued to determine the organization of the urban space until modern times. The appearance of the city wall system is characterized not only by the usual degree of maintenance and restoration due to natural wear and tear as well as to military conflicts. The strong growth of the city throughout the Hellenistic and Roman Imperial period as well as numerous earthquakes that struck Antioch, especially in late antiquity, forced extensive rebuilding of the wall systems. Despite their importance for the reconstruction of the city’s eventful history, Antioch’s fortification systems, which have been preserved over a length of about 13 kilometres, have so far remained largely unnoticed. Even the American excavators of the 1930s showed little interest in the best­preserved monument in the city area. ln the first volume of the German-Turkish enterprise in Antioch, the ancient fortifications on the two city hills, Silpios and Staurin, as well as in the plain are presented monographically for the first time. This is accomplished on the basis of extensive building surveys carried out in five campaigns, a rich photographic documentation, and taking into account unpublished excavation reports photographs, and plans from the Princeton University Antioch Archive. The topographical framework for understanding the city wall systems is provided by the new city map another centerpiece of the German-Turkish enterprise, which is presented in the volume for the first time. The presentation of the results aims to revitalize research on a city whose history has to date essentially been narrated on the basis of written sources, while its archaeology remained largely unknown and fragmentary. The volume is intended as a contribution to the history of an ancient metropolis in a diachronic perspective (that is: beyond antiquity), with a specific focus on topography, urban development and architecture of one of the most significant and continuously occupied major city of the eastern Mediterranean.

几乎所有的古代和中世纪的书面资料都没有提到安提阿的防御系统。城墙的雄伟布局横跨两座山脉（西尔皮奥斯山和斯特林山），沿着奥朗特斯河，就像作者经常报道的那样，被认为是大都市存在的保证。事实上，在古城的尽头，这些防御工事对伊斯兰教、拜占庭和十字军的安提阿来说仍然是权威的，并继续决定着城市空间的组织，直到现代。城墙系统外观的特点不仅是由于自然磨损和军事冲突造成的通常程度的维护和修复。在整个希腊化和罗马帝国时期，城市的强劲增长以及袭击安提阿的多次地震，特别是在古代晚期，迫使城墙系统进行了大规模的重建。尽管安提阿的防御工事系统对重建这座城市的重大历史具有重要意义，但迄今为止，这些保存了约13公里长的防御工事系统在很大程度上仍未被注意到。即使是20世纪30年代的美国挖掘者也对这个城市地区保存最完好的纪念碑没什么兴趣。在第一卷的德国-土耳其企业在安提阿，古代防御工事在两个城市山上，西尔皮奥斯和斯特林，以及在平原上，是第一次单独提出。这是基于在五个运动中进行的广泛的建筑调查，丰富的摄影文献，并考虑到未发表的挖掘报告，照片和普林斯顿大学安提阿档案馆的计划而完成的。了解城墙系统的地形框架由新的城市地图提供，这是德国-土耳其企业的另一个核心部分，这是第一次在卷中呈现。研究结果的展示旨在振兴对这座城市的研究，迄今为止，这座城市的历史基本上是在书面资料的基础上叙述的，而它的考古学在很大程度上仍然是未知和零碎的。该体量旨在从历时的角度（即：超越古代）对古代大都市的历史做出贡献，特别关注地中海东部最重要和持续占据的主要城市之一的地形，城市发展和建筑。