A Chronometric Analysis of the Cognitive Process in Computational Operations for Diagnosing Arithmetic Thought Development

花在解决问题上的时间会反映出认知过程，包括所需步骤的数量，使用的思维策略等。基于这一假设，本研究采用计时分析方法对计算运算进行了研究，并探讨了其在儿童算术思维发展评价中的应用。(a)本研究从时间计量学和心理语言学的角度探讨了加减法的认知加工机制，特别是思维策略。从而阐明了关系认知策略、真值判断策略、编码策略、代码转换策略等认知策略的本质。(b)假设加法和减法基本上是通过计数来完成的，研究估计了作为策略的计数模式。为了对这些指标进行统计估计，我们建立了“多元回归分析模型”。通过实验检验了该模型的效率，并且证实了该模型可以检测由同一对象一起使用的多个模式。这篇文章显然至今尚未发表。(c)提取出算术运算所需的各种处理单元（共90项），并根据单元构成对算术任务进行分类，编制成“算术思维数据库”。本研究透过分析国小教科书与专上学校教科书，探讨算术演算法对思维发展的依赖性。根据实验结果编制了《学龄儿童算术思维发展测验》。

The amount of spending time in problem-solving will reflect the cognitive process at that, including the number of steps required, thought strategies used, and the like. With this assumption, following researches were carried on computational operations using a chronometric analysis, and their application to assessment of arithmetic thought development in children was discussed.(a) The cognitive processing mechanisms in addition and subtraction, especially thought strategies, were investigated chronometrically and also from the psycholinguistic viewpoint. As the result, we clarified the nature of cognitive strategies as for cognition of relation, truth-falth judgment, coding, and transformation of codes, so on.(b) Assuming that addition and subtraction are performed basically by counting, the research estimated counting modes used as strategy. For estimating those statistically we built "Multiple Regression Analysis Model" as a new method. Efficiency of the model was examined experimentally, and it was confirmed that the model can detect plural modes used together by the same subject. That has apparently not been published to date.(c) All sorts of processing units required to arithmetic operation were extracted (90 items in all), and we classified the arithmetic tasks on the basis of constitution of unit, then compiled them to "Database of Arithmetic Thought". The research extended to seeking reliance of arithmetic algorithms on thought development through analyzing textbooks for primary school and those for training school. On grounds of the result we arrived at editting test of arithmetic thought development for school children.