A Chronometric Analysis of the Cognitive Process in Computational Operations for Diagnosing Arithmetic Thought Development

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The amount of spending time in problem-solving will reflect the cognitive process at that, including the number of steps required, thought strategies used, and the like. With this assumption, following researches were carried on computational operations using a chronometric analysis, and their application to assessment of arithmetic thought development in children was discussed.(a) The cognitive processing mechanisms in addition and subtraction, especially thought strategies, were investigated chronometrically and also from the psycholinguistic viewpoint. As the result, we clarified the nature of cognitive strategies as for cognition of relation, truth-falth judgment, coding, and transformation of codes, so on.(b) Assuming that addition and subtraction are performed basically by counting, the research estimated counting modes used as strategy. For estimating those statistically we built "Multiple Regression Analysis Model" as a new method. Efficiency of the model was examined experimentally, and it was confirmed that the model can detect plural modes used together by the same subject. That has apparently not been published to date.(c) All sorts of processing units required to arithmetic operation were extracted (90 items in all), and we classified the arithmetic tasks on the basis of constitution of unit, then compiled them to "Database of Arithmetic Thought". The research extended to seeking reliance of arithmetic algorithms on thought development through analyzing textbooks for primary school and those for training school. On grounds of the result we arrived at editting test of arithmetic thought development for school children.