The Research on the Observation of Interpersonal Behavior of the Children in the fields of Clinical Pedagogy

1. 我们与临床医生一起尝试观察正常儿童和临床儿童的不受限制的人际行为。正常儿童在一定条件下与临床医生在游戏室内自由玩耍1次，由临床医生自行描述参与观察体验。对于临床儿童，负责的临床医生从所有游戏治疗病例中选择一个疗程的记录，并以同样的方式描述疗程的经历。我们制作了一份包含57个项目的回顾表，从多个方面全面了解儿童的游戏和临床医生的经验。然后根据每位临床医生填写的常见表格上的描述，讨论观察的实际状态。在这一点上，我们注意到表达的“原始”质量，这对儿童和临床医生之间的二元关系有关键影响，然后将它们与其他表达进行比较我们将评语表的57个条目分为“游戏质量”“原始表达对儿童和临床医生的影响”“游戏过程”三个类别，并对临床医生在原始表达中的状态进行了评价，将临床医生的状态分为“同音”“双音”“游离”三种不同的类型。然后对原语表达的分类进行了分析和讨论。从而通过对戏剧的各个方面，儿童的外表，以及临床医生作为旁观者站在第三者的立场上的经验的回顾，进一步理解儿童和原始表达的意义，重新审视儿童与临床医生之间的关系。通过这种方式，提出了本研究对临床医生教育培训的功效，详细的案例讨论使我们认识到原始表达在治疗中的意义，使我们在临床心理学领域获得了重要的知识。重新发现正常儿童与临床儿童的差异和共性，从一致的角度相互比较，可以更有效、更全面地认识儿童。通过以上研究，证实本研究使用的指标在临床心理学和临床教育学领域对儿童的认识是有效的。少

1. We have tried observation of unrestricted interpersonal behavior of normal and clinical children with clinicians. Concerning normal children, each of them played free for one session with a clinician in charge inside playroom under a certain condition, and the clinician him/herself described the participant-observation experience. Concerning clinical children, clinicians in charge selected records for one session from total cases of play therapy and described the session experience in the same way. We made a review form consisting of 57 items to have comprehensive understanding of children's play and of clinician's experience from multiple aspects. Then we discussed the actual states of the observation according to the description on the forms commonly filled by each clinician. At that point, we paid attention to the "primitive" quality of the expression which had critical impact on the dyadic between the children and the clinicians and then compared them with other expressions in t … More he play session.2 We put the 57 items of the review form together into three categories concerning "quality of the play" "effects of the primitive expression on the children and the clinicians" "process of the play", and evaluated to classify the state of the clinicians in the primitive expression into three different types, "Syntonic" "Distonic" "Dissociated". Then we analyzed and discussed classification of the primitive expression. Thus through reviewing the various aspects of the play, the appearance of the children, and the experience of the clinicians as observer from the standpoint of the third party, the understanding of children and the meaning of the primitive expression was furthered, and the relationship between the children and the clinicians was reexamined. In this way, the efficacy of this research for educational training of clinicians was suggested, and detailed case discussion led us to the significance of the primitive expression in therapy, giving us significant knowledge in the field of clinical psychology. Furthermore it suggested the possibility of more effective and synthetic understanding of children that we rediscovered both the difference and the commonality between normal and clinical children, comparing them mutually from a consistent viewpoint. Through all the above, the indices used in this research were confirmed to be effective in understanding of children in the area of clinical psychology and clinical pedagogy. Less