Al-resistance mechanism of Al-resistant microorganisms from strongly acid soils

强酸性土壤抗铝微生物的抗铝机制

• 批准号: 09660068
• 负责人: KANAZAWA Shinjiro
• 金额: $ 2.11万
• 依托单位: KYUSHU UNIVERSITY (1998)Kagoshima University (1997)
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1998
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09660068/
• 关键词: Al-resistant microorganisms; Al-resistant fungi; Al-resistant yeast; Tea garden soil; Acid soil; Activated aluminum; Agar plate containing Al; Transgenic plant; Acid rain; AI耐性植物; AI耐性糸状菌; 遺伝子; AIストレス

Recently, due to acid rain and offer factors, soil acidity has tended to increase worldwide mainly in the industrialized countries. When a large quantity of H+ is adsorbed. Al is released in soil and activated Al of soil causes crop damage and forest dieback.In acid soils, Al leads to the decrease of root elongation and clustering of lateral roots, especially. To alleviate these constraints selection of crops and production of transgenic plants that are Al-tolerant have been attempted recently. For the source of genes to produce transgenic plants, although Al-resistant microorganisms could be used, studies on Al-resistant microorganisms and gene have been carried out only in Rhizobia.At, first, to study the Al-resistant microorganisms of soils, I tried to prepare agar plates containing aluminum under strongly acid conditions. in order to ionize all added Al, pH value has to be below 3.5, but under such pH conditions, agar dose not solidify. Next, I attempted to prepare an agar plate containing Al (100mM for fungi, Al : 250mM for yeast) under the acid conditions (pH3.0) to isolate Al-resistant microorganisms.Agar could be solidified when the culture medium solution (pH3.0), Al2(S04)3 solution (pH3.0), and agar solution were mixed after autoclaving separately. Eight strains Emericellopsis, ep., Paecilomyces lilacinus , Moritierella ramanniana var. angulispora, Sprothrix inflata, Penicillium glabrum, Metarhizum anisopliae, Chaetosphria inaeqalis, and Aspergillus fumiatus were identifeid as Al-resistant fungi from the tea garden soils. Tow strains Rhodotoru la mucilaginosa and Cryptococcus laurentii were identified as Al-resistant yeast from the tea garden soil (High-humic Andosols).

近年来，由于酸雨和土壤侵蚀等因素，全球范围内土壤酸度呈上升趋势，主要集中在工业化国家。当大量的H+被吸附时。铝在土壤中释放，土壤中的活化铝会引起作物受害和林木枯死，特别是在酸性土壤中，铝会导致根系伸长下降和侧根丛生。为了缓解这些限制，最近已经尝试选择作物和生产耐铝的转基因植物。对于生产转基因植物的基因来源，虽然可以使用抗铝微生物，但抗铝微生物和基因的研究仅在根瘤菌中进行。首先，为了研究土壤中的抗铝微生物，我尝试在强酸条件下制备含铝琼脂平板。为了使加入的Al完全凝固，pH值必须低于3.5，但在这样的pH条件下，琼脂不会凝固。接下来，我尝试在酸性条件（pH3.0）下制备含Al（真菌：100mM，酵母：Al：250mM）的琼脂平板以分离耐Al微生物。当培养基溶液（pH3.0）、Al 2（SO4）3溶液（pH3.0）和琼脂溶液在高压灭菌后分别混合时，琼脂可以固化。8株Emericellopsis，ep.，淡紫拟青霉、拉曼Moritierella ramanniana var.从茶园土壤中分离到的抗铝真菌有：角孢霉、膨胀芽孢杆菌、光滑青霉、金龟子绿僵菌、稻毛壳菌和烟曲霉。从茶园土壤（高腐殖土）中分离到两株耐铝酵母菌Rhodotoru la mucilaginosa和Cryptococcus laurentii。

项目成果

KANAZAWA,S.and Kunito,T: "Preparation of pH3.0 Agar Plate,Enumeration of Acid-Tolerant,and AI-Resistaut Microorganisms in Acid Soil" Soil Sci.Plont Nutr.42.1. 165-173 (1995)

KANAZAWA,S. 和 Kunito,T：“pH3.0 琼脂板的制备、酸性土壤中耐酸和 AI 抵抗微生物的计数”Soil Sci.Plont Nutr.42.1。