RESEARCHES ON BASIC CULTURE OF EUROPE-WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO FRANCE

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This research project focused, with special reference to France, on the various subjects such as the corporal technique of traditional craftsmen, the invention of tradition and the consciousness of ancient times, the religious mentality of contemporaries, the international pilgrimages' movements of modern world, the familial bondage of rural society and the folk customs, agriculture and forestry as livelihood, the festival culture and the modern representation of politics. In investigating these extremely divergent themes, we maintained the basic culture of Europe, as our core concept, in order to explore the new dimension of the understanding of Europe. The anthropologists and the historians who participated in this project could cooperate very well, in crossing their views each other. Before and after the 2 year consecutive field work, we held 10 debate sessions about our research problems. As for the understanding of the basic culture, we reached our mutual agreement on putting the more importance on the aspect of 'longue duree'(long period of time) than on that of the chronological old times. An anthropologist then proposed another aspect of the basic culture : cultural 'types' which can be extracted by the researchers. The historians among others expressed their doubts for this ahistorical concept. The concept was refined and with some restrictions added, but we could not arrive at the final agreement. This point remains to be solved in the future projects.