Aerosol variability and interaction with ambient conditions based on small-scale vertical and horizontal distribution of Arctic measurements (AIDA)

在北极气候系统中，气溶胶粒子在理解快速变暖方面起着至关重要的作用。由于主要是低背景气溶胶浓度，局部新粒子形成事件是气溶胶粒子的重要来源，并可对云凝结核作出重大贡献。由于难以进入，特别是在北极地区进行垂直测量的情况很少见。然而，气溶胶浓度在空间和时间上是高度可变的，因此很难在模式中实现。特别是，小尺度上的空间分布和时间变异性强烈依赖于环境条件，如大气分层、云、地形和地表特性。因此，AIDA项目(基于北极测量的小尺度垂直和水平分布的气溶胶可变性及其与环境条件的相互作用)研究了斯瓦尔巴特群岛NY-Alesund站点的小尺度可变性，这是一个关于小规模对比环境条件的自然实验室，除了在NY-Alesund和齐柏林山脉的现有地面观测站之外，还对系留气球进行了同时的垂直测量，对固定翼无人机进行了水平和垂直测量。计划对从春季北极雾霾季节过渡到夏季当地气溶胶形成的主要是远程输送的过渡时间进行测量。无人机和系留气球都配备了类似的气溶胶仪器：关键仪器是两个不同探测阈值的凝聚粒子计数器，在每个测量平台上并行操作，以识别尺寸在3-20 nm范围内的非常小的粒子，这是新粒子形成的指示器。首次在气球系统上安装了一台新的轻质气溶胶粒度光谱仪，测量8至300纳米之间的气溶胶粒度分布。此外，还安装了较大气溶胶颗粒的传感器，以研究新颗粒的形成依赖于先前存在的气溶胶浓度和人为污染的长距离输送的贡献。温度和湿度以高时间分辨率记录，以研究大气的稳定性和混合。由于局地风场受当地地形的影响较大，因此还测量了三维风矢量。热力学条件的小尺度可变性预计将对新的、小的气溶胶粒子的形成和生长产生重大影响。所有这些来自垂直和水平测量的现场数据随后将与合作伙伴合作进行分析，这些合作伙伴在NY-Alesund、齐柏林山脉和其他北极地点运营互补的测量系统。这些结果将有助于更好地了解气溶胶粒子的小尺度分布、形成、生长和垂直输送过程。

In the Arctic climate system, aerosol particles play a crucial role in understanding the rapid warming. With predominantly low background aerosol concentrations, local new particle formation events are an important source of aerosol particles, and can contribute significantly to cloud condensation nuclei. Due to the difficult accessibility, particularly vertical measurements in Arctic areas are rare. However, the aerosol concentration is highly variable in space and time and therefore difficult to implement in models. In particular, the spatial distribution and temporal variability on small scales strongly depends on ambient conditions, like atmospheric stratification, clouds, orography and surface properties. Therefore, the project AIDA (Aerosol variability and interaction with ambient conditions based on small-scale vertical and horizontal distribution of Arctic measurements) studies the small-scale variability at the site Ny-Alesund in Svalbard, a natural laboratory of small-scale contrasting environmental conditions, with simultaneous vertical measurements of a tethered balloon and horizontal and vertical measurements of a fixed-wing drone in addition to the existing continuously measuring ground-based observatories at Ny-Alesund and the Zeppelin Mountain. Measurements are planned for the transition time from the Arctic haze season in spring with predominantly remote transport to local aerosol formation in summer. The drone and the tethered balloon are equipped with similar aerosol instrumentation: The key instruments are two condensation particle counters of different lower detection threshold operated in parallel on each measurement platform to identify very small particles in the size range of 3-20 nm, which are an indicator of new particle formation. A new light-weight aerosol size spectrometer will be implemented to the balloon system for this campaign for the first time and measure the aerosol size distribution between 8 and 300 nm. In addition, sensors for larger aerosol particles are implemented to study the formation of new particles in dependence on pre-existing aerosol concentrations and the contribution of long-range transport of anthropogenic pollution. Temperature and humidity are recorded with high temporal resolution to investigate atmospheric stability and mixing. The three-dimensional wind vector is also measured, as the local wind field is strongly influenced by local orography. The small scale-variability of thermodynamic conditions is expected to have a significant influence on the formation and growth of new, small aerosol particles. All these in-situ data from vertical and horizontal measurements will be analysed afterwards in cooperation with partners, who operate complementary measurement systems in Ny-Alesund, on Zeppelin Mountain and other Arctic sites. The results will lead to a better understanding of the small-scale distribution of aerosol particles, their formation, growth and vertical transport processes.