Structural study of muscle contraction and photochemical cycle of purple membrane by using synchrotron radiation

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1. Molecular mechanism of muscle contraction(1) Time-resolved diffraction studies were done on muscle contraction by using synchrotron radiation. Especially, changes of diffraction patterns were studied in detail for isometrically contracting muscle during stretch, release and sinusoidal length changes. (Matsubara, Sugi, Tanaka, K. Wakabayashi, Amemiya, Mitsui) Obtained data seem to be very helpful to discuss the motion of myosin heads during muscle contraction.(2) Structure of skeletal muscle of rabbit was quite different at 5゜C from that at 25゜C. (T. Wakabayashi)(3) Single-headed myosin can produce tension. (Yanagida)(4) In muscle filaments, the elastic component exists mainly in myosin head. (Tawada)(5) Superprecipitation was studied in connection with ATPase activity by using rutin. (Ebashi)(6) Chemical processes in muscle contraction were studied by time-resolved thermal measurements. (Kodama)(7) A self-induced translation model for myosin motion was proposed to explain recent experimental data. (Mitsui)2. Photochemical cycle of the purple membrane of Halobacterium halobium(1) Diffraction studies were made on bacteriorhodopsin by a heavy-atom replacement method. (Tokunaga)(2) Location of retinal and mechanism of <H^+> pumping were discussed upon spectroscopic and diffraction data. (Ikegami)(3) The intermediate state of bacteriorhodopsin in the photochemical cycle was studied. (Hamanaka, Kito)3. Instrumentation(1) Two-dimensional PSPC was improved to get good time resolution. (Tanaka, Hashizume)(2) Recently invented imaging plate was found to be very useful for muscle studies. (Amemiya, K. Wakabayashi)(3) Low temperaure cell was made to study photochemical cycle of the purple membrane. (Kataoka)