Integrative studies on the thermosensitivity of living body and the onset of thermoregulatory responses.

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1. Studies on thermosensitive neurons. (1) Activities of supraoptic and para-ventricular neurosecretory cells were facilitated by preoptic warming. (2) Scrotal warming in rats produced not only thermoregulatory responses but also non-specific responses such as EEG desynchronization. (3) Warm-sensitive neurons showing on-off type response at higher brain temperature were found in the posterior hypothalamus. (4) <CO_2> stimulated thermosensitive neurons in vivo, but depressed in vitro.2. Studies on thermoregulatory effectors. (1) Temperature signals generated in the preoptic area were transmitted to the hypothalamic ventromedial nucleus, which controlled brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. (2) Saliva secretion in anesthetized rats were observed at various experimental conditions. Central and peripheral temperature signals were integrated to produce salivation. Preoptic warming produced saliva secretion and body extension, while warming of the posterior hypothalamus caused grooming. (3) Intracranial self-stimulation with loaded bar press was observed at various internal and external thermal stresses. (4) Rectal temperature of rats running on a treadmill increased in proportion to the exercise intensity.