Fundamental studies on mechanism of adhesion of dental adhesive resin

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1. Adhesives and surface treatment of adherendThe surface properties of adherend affects the long term stability of adhesion. The most effective surface treatments were found to be the application of 60% phosphoric acid or 10% citric acid - 3% ferric chloride solutions for enamel, the application of u/% citric acid - 3% ferric chloride ( or cupric chloride ) solution for dentin, and various treatments to roughen surfaces or the application of functional monomer for dental alloys or porcelain.2. Introduction of various kinds of functional monomersFunctional monomers such as 4-META and Phenyl-P are known to improve the stability of adhesion. Various kinds of monomers were newly synthesized or introduced to enhance adhesive strength. They are MBPA with anhydride group or MPMA with thiophenol group for dental alloys, and KBM503 with trimethoxysilyl group for porcelain. The experimental adhesive resins containing one of these functional monomers were prepared, and the methods of applications or mechanism of adhesion was precisely examined.3. Evaluation of experimental adhesive resin systemMMA - TBBO resins containing MBPA showed durable and stable adhesion to gold alloy type IV, gold-silver-palladium alloys and nickel-chromium alloys. This effect was considered to be caused by the incorporation of methylene group spacers into the monomer molecules. In the case of MPMA, adhesive strength, especially to palladium or gold-silver-palladium alloys, was significantly enhanced by adsorbing the monomer on the adherend surface before the application of adhesives. The chemical bond between MPMA and palladium was ascertained by ESCA analysis. The application of KBM coupling agent to porcelain surface was also found to improve the durability of adhesion. The method of application of these experimental adhesive resins was evaluated clinically.