"Theoretical and empirical studies of the properties of Japanese in terms of linguistic universals"

1.理论研究：以生成语法、广义短语结构语法和语言类型学为理论基础，以语态交替的形式对核心语言结构进行了广泛的研究，重点研究了主语的语义(Theta)角色分配、句法与词汇派生、主语语法化等理论概念。这一方法使我们能够从语言共性的角度构建一个解释日语特征的理论框架，并有助于解决个别理论所特有的问题，如从空语类原则、语言原型等角度解决许可、条件、WH-和量词移位等问题。这些研究成果将为构建一个完整的语言理论提供基础。数据收集和分析：(1)关于日语偏误分析的论文和书籍中的约4,000个错误；(2)记录中韩学生的日语口语反应；(3)e…留学生学习日语的作文错误较多；(4)留学生语言行为的录像带。数据(1)-(4)在国立语言研究所、东京都大学、大阪大学和名古屋大学进行了计算机化。这些数据揭示了：(1)研究论文中错误类型的局限性，(2)本族语和非本族语回答的对比，(3)实际日语教学中尚未被日本语言学所涵盖的各种问题，(4)语篇语法和语言行为之间的密切关系。公开化：研究成果在本课题组策划的三次座谈会上公布于众。起初，研究人员和日语教师之间的巨大差距被随后的研讨会上坦率的意见交流所填补，这为进一步的研究和教学实验提供了强大的动力。实验：(1)未受过日语训练的学生；(2)基于生成语法理论的语言习得；(3)外国学生的语言行为。除了实验结果外，还开发了新的实验方法。较少

1. Theoretical works: Based on Generative Grammar, Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar, and Linguistic Typology, the core linguistic structures were studied extensively as "Voice" alternations, focusing on the theoretical concepts of the semantic (theta) role assignments to subjects, syntactic vs. lexical derivations, and grammaticalization of topics into subjects. This approach enabled us to construct a theoretical framework for explanation of the properties of Japanese in terms of linguistic universals, and contributed to solving problems particular to individual theories, for example, license, conditions, Wh- and quantifier movements in terms of the empty category principle, linguistic prototypes, etc. These research findings will provide a basis for constructing an integrated linguistic theory.2. Collection and analysis of data: (1) about 4000 errors in papers and books dealing with Japanese error analyses, (2) recorded oral Japanese responses by Chinese and Korean students, (3) e … More rrors found in compositions written by foreign students learning Japanese, (4) video-taped data of linguistic behaviors by foreign students. The data (1)-(4) are computerized in the National Language Research Institute, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Osaka University, and Nagoya University. These data revealed: (1) limitations of types of errors taken up in research papers, (2) contrasts between native and non-native Japanese responses, (3) variety of problems in actual Japanese teaching, not yet covered in Japanese linguistics, (4) a close relation between discourse grammar and linguistic behaviors.3. Publicization: The research results were publicized in three symposia planned by this research team. A big gap between the researchers and Japanese language teachers, apparent at first, was filled by exchanges of candid opinions at the subsequent symposia, giving strong motivations for further researches and teaching experiments.4. Experiments: (1) with students without Japanese training, (2) on language acquisition based on Generative Grammatical theory, (3) on linguistic behaviors of foreign students. In addition to experimental findings novel experimental methods were developed. Less